Introduction Flashcards
Study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts and their relationship to one another.
Anatomy
Study of how the body and its parts work or function
Physiology
Give the levels of structural organization
Specialized Cell, Tissues, Organ, System, Organism
The external covering of the body. Waterproofs the body and cushions and protects the deeper tissues from injury. Produces vitamin D.
Integumentary System
What makes up the integumentary system?
skin
hair
fingernails
Supports the body, provides a framework, has protective functions. Storehouse for minerals.
Skeletal System
What makes up the skeletal system?
Bone
Cartilages
Joints
System to contract or to shorten?
Muscular System
What makes up the muscular system?
Skeletal Muscles
The control system of the body?
Nervous System
What makes up the nervous system?
Brain
Spinal Cord
Nerves
Sensory receptors
how many spinal nerves are there?
31 pairs= 62
Produces hormones for the body’s regulation?
Endocrine Sytstem
What makes up the endocrine glands of the endocrine system?
Pituitary
Thyroid
parathyroid
adrenals
thymus
pancreas
pineal
ovaries
testes
Blood as carrier, delivers oxygen, nutrients, hormones and other substances to, and picks up wastes such as CO2 from cells.
Cardiovascular system
What makes up the cardiovascular system?
Heart and blood vessels
keep the body supplied with oxygen and remove carbon dioxide
Respiratory system
What makes up the respiratory system?
nasal passage
pharynx
larynx
trachea
bronchi
lungs
breakdown of food and deliver the resulting nutrients to the blood
and its parts
oral cavity
esophagus
stomach
small intestines
large intestines
rectum
accessory glands
what are the accessory glands of the digestive system?
liver
salivary glands
pancreas
maintains body’s water and salt balance and help regulate normal blood pressure. removes wastes (nitrogen)
Urinary System
What makes up the urinary system?
kidneys
ureters
bladder
urethra
produce offspring
Reproductive system
What makes up the reproductive system?
scrotum
penis
accessory glands
duct system
uterine tubes
uterus
vagina
Give the correct anatomical position
the body is erect with feet parallel and arms hanging at the sides with the palms facing forward.
Toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body; above
Superior (cranial or cephalic)
Away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body; below
Inferior (caudal)
Toward or at the front of the body; in front of
Anterior (Ventral)
Toward or at the backside of the body; behind
Posterior (Dorsal)
Toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of
Medial
Away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of
Lateral
Between a more medial and a more lateral structure
Intermediate
Close to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
Proximal
Farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
Distal
Toward or at the surface of the body
Superficial (external)
Away from the body surface; more internal
Deep (internal)
anterior body trunk inferior to ribs
Abdominal
point of shoulder
Acromial
forearm
Antebrachial
anterior surface of elbow
Antecubital
armpit
Axillary
arm
Brachial
cheek area
Buccal
wrist
Carpal
neck region
Cervical
hip
Coxal
curve of shoulder
Deltoid
fingers and toes
Digital
thigh
Femoral
lateral part of leg
Fibular
forehead
Frontal
area where thigh meets body trunk; groin
Inguinal
chin
Mental
nose
Nasal
eye
Orbital
mouth
Oral
anterior knee
Patellar
chest area
Pectoral
area overlying the pelvis anteriorly
Pelvic
genital region
Pubic
breastbone area
Sternal
ankle region
Tarsal
between the neck and abdomen; chest
Thoracic
navel
Umbilical
heel of foot
Calcaneal
head
Cephalic
thigh
Femoral-
buttock
Gluteal
area between ribs and hips; loin
Lumbar
posterior surface of head
Occipital
posterior surface of elbow
Olecranal
posterior knee
Popliteal
area between hips at the base of the spine
Sacral
shoulder blade region
Scapular
posterior surface of leg; calf
Sural
area of spinal column
Vertebral
sole of the foot
Plantar
a cut along the lengthwise, or longitudinal, plane of the body, dividing the body into right and left parts
Sagittal section or median (midsagittal) section
a cut along a lengthwise plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior parts
Frontal section or coronal section
a cut along a horizontal plane, dividing the body into superior and inferior parts
Transverse section or cross section
space inside the bony skull; protects the brain
Cranial cavity
extends from the cranial cavity to the end of the spinal cord; protects the spinal cord
Spinal cavity
protects the lungs and heart
Thoracic cavity
contains the stomach, liver, intestines, and other organs
Abdominal cavity-
contains the reproductive organs, bladder, and rectum
Pelvic cavity
