Nervous System Flashcards
Neurons (Main Cells of Nervous Tissue)
Integrate and regulate body functions
Neuroglia (Glial Cells)
Support and nourish neurons
Neural Tissue
Contains neuroglia and neurons
Central Nervous System
Contains the brain and spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System
Consists of the cranial and spinal nerves
Afferent (Sensory) Neurons
Transmit impulses from sensory receptors toward the CNS
Interneurons
Impulses move between sensory and motor neurons
Efferent (Motor) Neurons
Impulses descend from the CNS to the rest of the body
Somatic Nervous System
Transmits voluntary instructions to skeletal muscle
Automatic Nervous System
Transmits involuntary instructions to the smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and glands
Schwann Cells
Myelinate PNS axons
Ganglia
Clusters of nerve cell bodies located in the PNS
Astrocytes
Exchange materials between neurons and capillaries
Oligodendrocytes
Myelinate CNS axons
Ependymal Cells
Create, secrete, and circulate cerebrospinal fluid
Satellite Cells
Support clusters of ganglia
Synapse
Site where neurons communicate through chemical signals
Microglial Cells
Immune defense against invading organisms
Thermoreceptors
Respond to changes in temperature
Photoreceptors
React to light
Chemoreceptors
Detect chemicals
Mechanoreceptors
Respond to pressure and touch
Nociceptors
Respond to pain
Sympathetic Nervous System
Fight or flight
