Cell Vocabulary

Question 1

Cofactors

Answer 1

Non-protien substance that combines with an enzyme to activate it

Question 2

Coenzymes

Answer 2

Organic molecules that act as cofactors, most are vitamins

Question 3

Buffer

Answer 3

Weak acid or weak base that acts to resist pH change

Question 4

Anabolism (Requires Energy)

Answer 4

Small molecules are built into larger ones, dehydration synthesis

Question 5

Catabolism (Releases Energy)

Answer 5

Large molecules are broken down into smaller ones, hydrolysis

Question 6

Denaturation

Answer 6

Inactivation of an enzyme due to irreversible changes in its conformation

Question 7

Metabolic Pathways

Answer 7

Series of enzyme-controlled reactions leading to a product

Question 8

Enzymes (Protien Catalysts)

Answer 8

Increase rates of chemical reactions

Question 9

DNA (Double Helix)

Answer 9

Carries genetic information for the development and function of an organism

Question 10

Nucleotides

Answer 10

Building blocks of DNA and RNA

Question 11

Genetic Information

Answer 11

Instructs cells how to make proteins; stored in DNA sequence

Question 12

Gene

Answer 12

Sequence of DNA that contains information for making certain proteins

Question 13

Genosome

Answer 13

Complete set of genetic information in a cell

Question 14

Gene Expression

Answer 14

Control of which proteins are produced in each cell type

Question 15

Hydrolysis

Answer 15

Breaks down chemical compounds through water

Question 16

Differentiated

Answer 16

Cells that have matured and developed specialized characteristics

Question 17

Microfilaments

Answer 17

Tiny rods of actin that provide cellular movement, like muscle contractions

Question 18

Intermediate Filaments

Answer 18

A cytoskeleton structure that supports nuclear envelope

Question 19

Microtubules

Answer 19

Large tubes of tubulin that maintain cell shape and move organelles

Question 20

Cilia

Answer 20

Hair-like structures found on the surface of cells, move substances

Question 21

Flagella

Answer 21

Organelles that help move cells

Question 22

Chromatin

Answer 22

Tightly coiled DNA

Question 23

Chromosomes

Answer 23

Loosely coiled DNA

Question 24

Isotonic Solution (Cell Maintains Shape)

Answer 24

Solution with the same solute concentration

Question 25

Hypotonic Solution (Cell Bursting)

Answer 25

Solution with a lower solute concentration

Question 26

Hypertonic (Crenation - Cell Shrinking)

Answer 26

Solution with a higher solute concentration

Question 27

Contact Inhabition

Answer 27

Healthy cells stop dividing when they become crowded

Question 28

Stem Cells

Answer 28

Cells that can develop into different types of cells, can self-renew and repair damaged tissue

Question 29

Progenitor Cells (Committed Cells)

Answer 29

Cells that can divide into different cell types, can divide a limited number of times

Question 30

Receptor Proteins

Answer 30

Receive and transmit messages into a cell

Question 31

Integral Proteins (Transmembrane Proteins)

Answer 31

Form pores; channels, and receptors in cell membrane

Question 32

Cell Surface Proteins

Answer 32

Establish self