Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 12 > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the nervous system composed of

A

Nerve cells called neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What do a bunch of neurons form

A

A nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the central nervous system

A

System that includes the spinal cord and brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the peripheral nervous system

A

The system that contains the rest of the body besides the brain and spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the somatic nervous system

A

The nerves under conscious control (voluntary)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the Autonomic nervous system

A

Nervous system thats not under conscious control

(Involuntary)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is sensory input

A

The conduction of electrical signals from sensory receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is integration

A

When information is interpreted and a response is generated by the central nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is motor output

A

When signals from the CNS are conducted to effector cells like muscle, gland, organ which carry out the response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the two main types of nerves in the nervous system

A

Neurons and neuroglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does a neuron do

A

Transmits messages in the form of nerve impulses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where are neurons found

A

All throughout the bodies nervous system (PNS and CNS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What do neuroglia do

A

They are supporting cells, provides structure, protection, insulation, and nourishment to neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a dendrite/function

A

A part of a neuron that receives signals and conducts an impulse towards the cell body

Is usually the branches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the cell body/function

A

A part of a neuron that contains a nucleus and organelles

It maintains the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the axon/function

A

A part of the neuron that conducts impulses away from the cell body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are dendrites and axons also called

A

Fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are longer fibers covered by

A

A myelin sheath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the spaces within myelin sheaths called

A

Nodes of ranvier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the myelin sheath in the PNS composed of

A

Schwann cells (a neuroglia cell)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the myelin sheath produced by in the CNS

A

Cells called oligodendrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the myelin sheaths functions

A

To insulate the neurons from each other as they pass through the nerve

Helps to speed up the impulse

Also plays an important role in nerve regeneration

And if a nerve is severed it may remain as a passageway for new nerve growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Where does nerve regeneration not occur

A

The CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are nodes of ranvier

A

The points between schwann cells/ gaps where there is no myelin sheath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What does the node of ranvier do

A

Speeds the impulse as it jumps from node to node

26
Q

What are the three types of neurons

A

Sensory neuron

Motor neuron

Interneuron

27
Q

What does the sensory neuron do

A

Takes a message from a sense organ to the brain

28
Q

What is the sensory neuron made of and where is it found

A

A long dendrite and a short axon (CNS)

29
Q

What does a motor neuron do

A

Takes a message away from CNS to a muscle fiber or gland

30
Q

What us a motor neuron made of

A

Short dendrites and a long axon

31
Q

What does an interneuron do

A

Conveys messages between the parts of the system

Conducts impulses from sensory to motor neuron and will sum up all messages before communicating with motor neurons

32
Q

What is the interneuron made of and where is it

A

Its completely in the CNS and is made of dendrites and axons that are both long and short

33
Q

What are nerve bundles

A

A bundle if long fibers from neurons in the PNS

34
Q

When does an action potential occur

A

When a nerve is stimulated by an electric shock, pH change, or mechanical stimulation

35
Q

What does an action potential do

A

Generates a nerve impulse

36
Q

What are nerve impulses

A

They are electrical chemical changes

Changes in voltage and changes in an ion that make a membrane potential difference

37
Q

What are nerve impulses measured in

A

Millivolts (mV)

38
Q

What are the three phases in the generation of a nerve impulse

A

Resting phase

Action phase: depolarization and repolarization

Recovery phase

39
Q

What is the concentration of ions in resting potential

A

Na+ ions are more concentrated on the outside and K+ more concentrated on the inside

40
Q

How is the uneven distribution of ions maintained

A

Through active transport across Na+/K+ pumps

41
Q

What are the charges of the inside/outside of neurons at rest

A

The outside is slightly more positive compared to the inside of the neuron

42
Q

What voltage is resting potential

A

-70mV (voltage inside is -70mV compared to outside)

43
Q

What is the negative polarity at resting potential caused by

A

The presence of large organic negative ions inside the axoplasm

44
Q

What is axoplasm

A

The cytoplasm inside an axon

45
Q

Where are there more Na+/K+ ions at rest

A

More Na+ outside of the axon

More K+ inside of the axon

46
Q

What is action potential

A

It is when a nerve is stimulated, a nerve impulse is generated and the rapid change in voltage can be detected

This nerve impulse is action potential

47
Q

Why is action potential all or nothing

A

Because an action potential only occurs if a stimulus causes the axonal membrane to depolarize to a certain level

(Has to hit a threshold to happen and wont stop once it does)

48
Q

What happens to action potential if an intense stimulus is given

A

The axon will fire more often instead of stronger firing since the strength of action potential does not change

49
Q

What are the two parts to action potential

A

Depolarization and repolarization

50
Q

What happens when the membrane depolarizes

A

Na+ ions move from the outside to the inside of an axon

The sodium gates open first when an action potential occurs hence Na+ flows into the axon

51
Q

What happens when the membrane repolarizes

A

K+ moves from outside to inside of axon

Potassium gates open second so K+ flows outside the axon

52
Q

What is the recovery phase

A

When K+ ions are returned to the inside of axon and Na+ to the outside actively by the Na+/K+ pump

With the use of ATP

Done slowly

53
Q

What color are nerves

A

They have a white appearance

54
Q

Along a myelin sheath why can action potential only occur at nodes of ranvier

A

Because the myelin sheath insulates against ion loss

55
Q

What is a synapse

A

The region between end of an axon and the cell body or dendrite to which it is attached

56
Q

What are synaptic endings

A

The knobs on the ends of an axon

57
Q

What is a presynaptic membrane

A

The membrane if the axon synaptic ending (before the synapse)

58
Q

What is a postsynaptic membrane

A

The membrane of the next neuron after the synapse

59
Q

What is the synaptic cleft

A

The space between the presynaptic and the postsynaptic membranes

60
Q

What are neurotransmitters

A

The chemicals that transmit the nerve impulses across a synaptic cleft

61
Q

What are synaptic vesicles

A

Objects that contain the neurotransmitters

62
Q

What are the 4 important neurotransmitters

A

Acetylcholine, noradrenalin, serotonin, and adrenalin

Biology 12 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions