Excretion

Question 1

What is deanimation

Answer 1

Removal of an amino group on an amino acid

Question 2

What does deanimation produce

Answer 2

Ammonia

Question 3

What is ammonia converted into

Answer 3

Urea

Question 4

Excretion definition

Answer 4

Process that rids the body of metabolic wastes (especially nitrogenous wastes)

Question 5

Kidney function in excretion

Answer 5

Excretes nitrogenous wastes

Question 6

Liver function in excretion

Answer 6

Excretes bile pigments

Question 7

Lung function in excretion

Answer 7

Excretes Co2

Question 8

Skin functions in excretion

Answer 8

Excretes sweat

Question 9

What is defecation

Answer 9

Process that rids body of undigested and unabsorbed food remains

Question 10

What is the pathway of urin

Answer 10

Kidney to ureters to bladder to urethra and then exits body

Question 11

Formula of ammonia

Answer 11

NH3

Question 12

Why is ammonia converted to urea in the liver

Answer 12

It is very toxic to land mammals

Question 13

What substances are excreted besides nitrogenous wastes

Answer 13

-HCO3- (bicarbonate)
-Salts
-Water
-Urochrome

Question 14

What is urochrome made from

Answer 14

The break down of heme

Question 15

What does urochrome do in urine

Answer 15

Gives it its yellow color

Question 16

What is urine composed of

Answer 16

3% urea, 2% salts, and 95% H2O

Question 17

What is the Renal Vein

Answer 17

Vein that carries deoxygenated blood from kidneys back to heart

Question 18

What is the renal artery

Answer 18

Artery that carries oxygenated blood to the kidneys

Question 19

What is the ureter

Answer 19

Muscular tubes that move urine from kidney to bladder by peristalsis

Question 20

What is the bladder

Answer 20

A place that urine is stored before removed from body

Question 21

How much urine does the bladder hold

Answer 21

600-1000mL

Question 22

How does the bladder notify when its full

Answer 22

It has stretch receptors to indicate the brain when its full

Question 23

What is the urethra

Answer 23

A tube connecting the bladder to the outside

Question 24

How long is the urethra

Answer 24

6 inches in a man, less than 1 inch in a woman

Question 25

Why do women get more infections in the urethra

Answer 25

It is shorter than a man

Question 26

What are the kidneys function

Answer 26

To excrete urine, regulate blood volume and PH

Question 27

How much blood does the kidney filter

Answer 27

1200L/daily

Question 28

How does the kidney regulate blood volume and osmotic balance

Answer 28

It excretes or conserves water

Question 29

How does the kidney regulate ion concentration

Answer 29

It controls the excretion of salts (mostly Na+)

Question 30

How does the kidney regulate blood PH

Answer 30

Excretes excess acids or base

Question 31

What does the kidney excrete if blood is too acidic/basic

Answer 31

Acidic: H+ is excreted and HCO3- is reabsorbed Basic: H+ not excreted and HCO3- not reabsorbed

Question 32

What toxic by-products does the kidney excrete

Answer 32

Urea, ammonia, uric acid and creatinine

Question 33

What are the 3 main parts of the kidney

Answer 33

renal cortex, renal medula, renal pelvis

Question 34

What is the renal medula responsible for

Answer 34

Water reabsorption and salt balance

Question 35

What is the renal pelvis responsible for

Answer 35

Collecting urine from tubules and directing it into the ureter

Question 36

What is the renal cortex responsible for

Answer 36

Making urine and many other things

Question 37

What are the functional units of the kidney

Answer 37

Nephrons

Question 38

What do nephrons do

Answer 38

Produce urine and filter wastes from the blood and retain water/other needed materials

Question 39

How many nephron per kidney

Answer 39

1 million

Question 40

What is the bowmans capsule

Answer 40

A cuplike end of a nephron where wastes are forced out of the blood and into the nephron

Question 41

What is the afferent arteriole

Answer 41

An arteriole that carries blood to the glomerulus

Question 42

What is the efferent arteriole

Answer 42

An arteriole that carries blood from the glomerulus

Question 43

Pathway of blood in the kidney

Answer 43

Renal artery, afferent arteriole, glomerulus, efferent arteriole, capillary network, venule, Renal Vein

Question 44

What are the steps of urine formation

Answer 44

Pressure filtration, selective reabsorption, urine concentration, tubular excretion

Question 45

What is pressure filtration

Answer 45

Where high blood pressure in the glomerulus forces small molecules into the bowmans capsule.

Question 46

What happens to molecules forced into the bowmans capsule

Answer 46

The form filtrate

Question 47

What is necessary for filtration

Answer 47

High blood pressure

Question 48

Why is the afferent arteriole wider than the efferent

Answer 48

So that the blood in the glomerulus is under high blood pressure going into the efferent arteriole

Question 49

Where do molecules that are selectively reabsorbed go to

Answer 49

The proximal convoluted tubule to the peritubular capillary network. (Back into the blood)

Question 50

What gets selectively reabsorbed

Answer 50

Most h2o, nutrients, some salts

Question 51

What doesnt get reabsorbed

Answer 51

Some h2o, wastes, excess salts

Question 52

What is selective reabsorption

Answer 52

A very selective process where useful filtered materials are retuned to the pertibular capillary netweok both actively and passively

Question 53

Where does water reabsorption mainly occur

Answer 53

At the loop of henle and the collecting duct

Question 54

What does active reabsorption of salt at the loop of henle result in

Answer 54

The passive transport of water at both the loop of henle and collecting duct Thus urine concentration

Question 55

What is tubular excretion/secretion

Answer 55

An active process where other non-filterable wastes are added to the tubular fluid so they are excreted in urine aswell

Question 56

Where does tubular excretion occur

Answer 56

In the distal convoluted tube

Question 57

What is secreted in tubular excretion

Answer 57

Penicillin, histamine, H+ ions, NH3

Question 58

What hormones help the kidneys regulate the volume of blood

Answer 58

ADH (antidiuretic Hormone) Aldosterone

Question 59

What is ADH released by

Answer 59

Pituitary gland

Question 60

What does ADH do

Answer 60

Promotes reabsorption of water from collecting duct and distal convoluted tube

Question 61

How does ADH work

Answer 61

1. Cells in the hypothalamus detect low H2O in blood 2.ADH made in the hypothalamus is released into blood (distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct) 3. More H2O is reabsorbed and volume of urine decreases 4. Therefore blood volume increases

Question 62

What inhibits ADH

Answer 62

Diuretic drugs and alchohol

Question 63

Where is aldosterone released

Answer 63

Adrenal cortex (adrenal gland is atop kidneys)

Question 64

What does aldosterone do

Answer 64

Acts on kidney to retain Na+ and excrete K+

Question 65

What happens if Na in blood is too low

Answer 65

Hypotension (low blood pressure)

Question 66

What happens if Na in blood is too high

Answer 66

Hypertension (high blood pressure)