Circulatory System Flashcards
1
Q
Vessel that carries blood away from the heart
A
Arteries
2
Q
Small branches of arteries
A
Arterioles
3
Q
Sphincter muscles encircle the entrance to what?
A
Capillaries
4
Q
One cell layer thick blood vessels that connect arterioles to venules, and exchange material with the tissues
A
Capillaries
5
Q
Blood vessels that carry blood from the capillaries to the heart
A
Veins
6
Q
Smaller blood vessels that join to form a vein
A
Venules
7
Q
The pointed end of the heart
A
The apex
8
Q
Blood vessels that are located in the heart and pump oxygenated blood through the heart
A
Coronary Arteries
9
Q
What do veins have that allow them to stop backward flow of blood?
A
Valves
10
Q
Blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood back into the heart and are located in the heart
A
Coronary Veins
11
Q
What system circulates blood through the lungs
A
Pulmonary circuit
12
Q
What system circulates blood through the body and its tissues
A
Systemic circuit
13
Q
What is the path of the pulmonary circuit?
A
Deoxygenated blood in right atrium -> right ventricle -> pulmonary valve -> pulmonary trunk -> pulmonary arteries -> arterioles of lungs -> pulmonary capillaries -> oxygenated blood into pulmonary venules -> pulmonary veins -> left atrium
14
Q
What do veins and arteries carry in the pulmonary circuit?
A
Veins - Oxygenated blood
arteries - Deoxygenated blood
15
Q
What is the path of the systemic circuit?
A
Blood from left ventricle to the body back to the right atrium. (Veins carry deoxyginated, arteries carries oxygenated)
16
Q
What is the largest artery?
A
Aorta
17
Q
A large vein that collects blood from the head, chest, and arms
A
Superior Venae Cava
18
Q
Large vein that collects blood from the lower body regions and organs
A
Inferior Venae Cava
19
Q
Vessel that connects the blood vessels of the villi to the liver
A
Hepatic Portal Vein
20
Q
carries blood from liver to inferior venae cava
A
Hepatic Vein
21
Q
Where is the Subclavian artery and vein located
A
Around the clavicle (arms and chest)
22
Q
Where does the jugular vein take blood from
A
The head
23
Q
Where is the carotid artery located
A
The neck
24
Q
Where do the mesentric arteries go to?
A
The intestines
25
Where is the anterior venae cava located
Above heart
26
Where is the posterior venae cava located
Below heart
27
What does the pulmonary vein do?
Carries oxygenated blood to the left atrium
28
What does the hepatic vein lead to
The inferior venae cava
29
What does the renal artery and vein go to
The kidneys
30
Where does the iliac artery and vein go to
The legs to the aorta and vice versa
31
What is the left and right side of the heart seperated by
The septum
32
Where is the atrium located?
Top of the heart
33
Where is the ventricle located
Bottom of the heart
34
Why is the left ventricle bigger than the right ventricle
The right ventricle only pumps blood to the lungs while the left has to pump to all of the rest of the body
35
What are the valves between the atria and ventricles called
Atrioventricular valves
36
What is the atrioventricular valve on the left side of the heart called
The bicsupid or mitral valve
37
What is the atrioventricular valve on the right side of the heart called
The tricuspid valve
38
What supports the atrioventricular valves from collapsing
The chordae tendinae
39
What are the valves called that move blood from the ventricles to the blood vessels
The semilunar valve
40
What is the valve on the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery called
The pulmonary semilunar valve
41
What is the valve on the left ventricle to the aorta called
The aortic semilunar valve
42
Why does the semilunar valve not have chordae tendinae
It relies on the arterial pressure from the vessels to prevent backflow
43
How does deoxygenated blood become oxygenated
It goes into the lungs and carbon dioxide diffuses out of the blood while oxygen diffuses into it
44
Why are the walls of the left ventricle bigger than the walls of the right ventricle
It has to pump more blood as it pumps through the whole body not just the lungs
45
What makes the lub sound in a heartbeat
The atria contracting
46
What makes the dub sound in the heartbeat
The ventricles contracting
47
What valve closes on the lub sound of the heartbeat
The atrioventricular valve
48
What valve makes the dub noise in a heartbeat when it closes
The semi lunar valves
49
What are heart murmurs
A defect in the heart when the valves dont fully closes causing a slushing sound during heartbeat
50
What is systole
Contraction of the heart muscle
51
What is diastole
Relaxation of the heart muscle
52
What is pulse
The alternate expanding and recoiling of an arterial wall
53
Where can you measure a persons pulse best
The radial artery or carotid artery
54
What is blood pressure
The pressure of blood against the wall of a vessel
55
What is hypotension
A lower blood pressure than normal
56
What is hypertension
Higher blood pressure than normal
57
What is systolic blood pressure
The highest arterial pressure reached (120)
58
What is Diastolic blood pressure
The lowest arterial pressure (80)
59
Where is the sinoatrial node located
The upper back wall of the right atrium
60
What is the function of the sinoatrial node
It initiates the heartbeat by sending out a single every 0.85 seconds to contract the atria
61
Where is the atrioventricular node located
The base of the right atrium
62
What is the function of the atrioventricular node
Receives signals from the SA (sinoatrial node) that is then sends onto fibers to contract the ventricles
63
What are the fibers that the atrioventriculer node sends signals to
Purkinje fibers
64
Where is the heart rates speed controlled
In the medulla oblaganta (in the brain)
65
What happens if a coronary vein/artery gets clogged?
A heart attack occurs
66
What is coronary bypass surgery
A surgery where segments of leg veins are grafted between the aorta and coronary vessels to bypass a blockage
67
What is angioplasty
A surgery used to widen narrowed or obstructed arteries or veins
68
What does the lymphatic system do
Takes excess tissue fluid from tissues and returns it to the cardiovascular system
69
What do lymph vessels consist of (what type of vessels are in the lymphatic system)
Lymph capillaries and lymph veins (no arteries)
70
What is fluid in the lymph vessels called
Lymph
71
What object is lymph collected in
The thoracic duct
72
Where is lymph collected
Vessels connected to the right and left subclavian veins (thoracic duct)
73
What is lacteal
Blind ends of lymph vessels in villi of the small intestines
74
What are lymph nodes
Small round structures that occur along the lymph vessels
75
What do lymph nodes do
They produce and store white blood cells, and filter lymph of damaged cells and debris
76
Where is the spleen located
Behind the stomach
77
What is the spleen
An organ that contains white blood cells and stores blood
78
When does the heart develop in the uterus
The 3rd and 4th weeks
79
What are the four features present in a fetus that is not in adults
-Oval Opening
-Arterial duct
-Umbilical arteries and veins
-Venous duct
80
What is the oval opening
An opening between the two atria covered by a flap that acts like a valve. Allows bypass of pulmonary circuit (only in fetus)
81
What is the arterial duct
A duct that connects the pulmonary artery and aorta, allows blood to skip pulmonary circuit (only in fetus)
82
What are the umbilical arteries and veins
Vessels that travel to and from the placenta of a mother to the iliac arteries and venous duct of a baby (only in fetus)
83
What is the venous duct
A duct that connects the umbilical vein to the venae cava, attaches to the liver but bypasses most of it
84
Why can chemicals ingested by a mother harm a baby significantly
Because the way the venous duct is placed, blood bypasses the liver and does not get properly detoxed in the babies system
85
What are the functions of blood
-transports gasses, wastes and nutrients
-clotting of injuries
-infection fighting
86
What are the two main parts of blood
Plasma and formed elements
87
What is plasma
The liquid portion of blood
88
What are the formed elements of blood
Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets
89
What do red blood cells do
Transport oxygen
90
Do rbc have a nuclei
No
91
Where is rbc formed
Bone marrow
92
What do wbc do
Fight infection
93
Where is wbc formed
Bone marrow and lymphoid tissue
94
What do platelets do
Function in blood clotting
95
Where are platelets formed
A burst megakaryocyte
96
What does hemoglobin do
Carries O2 and CO2 and H+
97
What color is hemoglobin when attached to O2
Bright red
98
What color is hemoglobin when attached to CO2
Dark red
99
What are antigens
The proteins anchored on rbc
100
What are antibodies
The proteins anchored in plasma
101
How do antibodies stop infection
They bind to foreign proteins with foreign antigens causing agglutination
102
What is agglutination
The clumping of blood due to antibodies binding to foreign antigens
103
What is rh factor
A protein binded to rbc called the rhesus
104
What does the pressure of blood in blood vessels do?
Push molecules out of the blood
105
What does osmotic pressure on blood vessels do?
Push molecules into the blood
106
Difference between osmotic and blood pressure consistency?
Osmotic pressure is always consistent, blood pressure varies a lot around a capillary bed.
107
Where is blood pressure higher than osmotic pressure?
The arterial side of a capillary
108
Where is osmotic pressure higher than blood pressure?
The venous end of a capillary
109
What leaves the bloodstream at the arterial side of a capillary?
Water, Oxygen, and glucose
110
What enters the body at the venous end of a capillary?
Water, ammonia, and carbon dioxide
111
What is the name of the process of preventing blood loss by the use of blood?
Coagulation or clotting
112
What is needed to take action for coagulation to take place
Platelets & Fibrinogen
113
What is the bodies first line of defence against pathogens
The skin
114
What is the bodies second line of defence against pathogens
White blood cells and antibodies
115
How do white blood cells assist in fighting pathogens
They multiple when the body is invaded and manufacture large quantities of antibodies
They also engulf foreign pathogens
116
How do antibodies fight pathogens
They combine with antigens in a way that the antigen becomes inactivated and stops the pathogen from working
117
How long do WBC remain in the body system
Up to years
118
How can you develop active immunity
Through exposure to the antigen naturally or through vaccine
