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Science 7th grade > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the nervous system send and receive?

A

Information about the activities within the body

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2
Q

What does the nervous system monitor

A

It monitors and responds to changes in the environment

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3
Q

What is a stimulus?

A

a change in the environment that causes a response

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4
Q

What are some involuntary responses to a stimulus?

A

increased heart rate, pupil response to light, blinking, sneezing, and knee jerk

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5
Q

neuron

A

a message carrying cell

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6
Q

About how many messages make their way through the body each second?

A

100s

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7
Q

What is another name for neuron?

A

nerve cells

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8
Q

Nerve cells

A

the basic units of structure and function in the nervous system

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9
Q

What is unique about neurons?

A

They cannot regenerate (be replaced if damaged or destroyed)

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10
Q

What part of the neuron is the “door” into the neuron?

A

the dendrites

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11
Q

How do things exit the neuron?

A

through the axon terminals

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12
Q

neurotransmitter

A

ferries (or moves) nerve impulses across the synapse

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13
Q

What happens as the impulse nears the synapse?

A

a chemical signal pours from the ends of the neuron (axon terminals)

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14
Q

What happens to the electrical signal when the chemical signal takes over?

A

The electrical signal shuts down

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15
Q

What is the job of the chemical signal?

A

It takes the impulse to the next neuron…moving across the synapse

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16
Q

What is a synapse?

A

a gap between neurons

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17
Q

What happens to this electrical/chemical signal process?

A

It repeats until the impulse reaches its destination

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18
Q

What crosses the synapse?

A

a neurotransmitter and salt

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19
Q

What carries the electrical signal?

A

an axon

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20
Q

What is the job of the myelin sheath?

A

it protects the axon and facilitates conduction of electrical signals

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21
Q

What are the parts of a neuron?

A

cell body, dendrites, axon

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22
Q

cell body

A

contains nucleus which controls the cell’s activities

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23
Q

dendrites

A

carry messages to many cell bodies

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24
Q

axon

A

carries messages away from only one cell body (1mm to 1 m)

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25
Q

What are axon terminals?

A

ends of axons

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26
Q

What is the job of axon terminals?

A

they pass on the message to the dendrites of another neuron

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27
Q

receptors

A

receive information from your surroundings

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28
Q

What are the 3 types of neurons in the Nervous System?

A
  1. sensory, 2. interneurons, 3. motor neurons
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29
Q

sensory neurons

A

take messages from receptor to spinal cord and brain

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30
Q

interneurons

A

found in the brain, connects sensory to motor

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31
Q

motor neurons

A

take messages from the brain and spinal cord to a muscle or gland cell

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32
Q

effector

A

the cell that is stimulated, or affected, by the motor neuron

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33
Q

nerve impulse

A

a pathway that the messages take from the sensory neurons to the interneurons to the motor neurons

34
Q

What form to the nerve impulses take as they travel along the neurons?

A

electrical and chemical signals

35
Q

The impulses enter the neuron through what?

A

the dendrites (door)

36
Q

The impulses travel along the length of what?

A

the axon (exit)

37
Q

How fast can impulses travel?

A

120 m/s

38
Q

synapse

A

gape between the ends of neurons

39
Q

What are the two main divisions of the nervous system?

A
  1. central nervous system 2. peripheral nervous system
40
Q

central nervous system (CNS)

A

brain and spinal cord….controls the center of the body

41
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

network of nerves outside the central nervous system

42
Q

How can you describe the activities within the CNS

A

they are very complex

43
Q

brain

A

control center that transmits and receives messages

44
Q

spinal cord

A

link between the brain and the rest of the body

45
Q

Why does most of the brain appear grey?

A

as a result of the presence of the cell bodies of billions of neurons

46
Q

What is under the grey matter of the brain?

A

white material…made of bundles of axons

47
Q

What is the mass of the brain?

A

1.4 kg

48
Q

What protects the brain?

A

the skull (cranium)

49
Q

meninges

A

three layers of connective tissue that protect and nourish the brain

50
Q

inner layer

A

pia matter…a thin inner layer that adheres to the folds

51
Q

middle layer (arachnoid)

A

separated from the inner layer by a watery fluid that funtions as a shock absorber

52
Q

outer layer

A

dura matter…makes contact with the skull….think and tough for protection

53
Q

meningitis

A

infection of the meninges (is often fatal)

54
Q

What is the layer order of the head

A

skin of scalp, periosteum, bone of skull, periosteal layer, meningeal layer

55
Q

vertebra

A

a series of bones that protect the spinal cord

56
Q

How many spinal nerves are there?

A

31

57
Q

What is the job of the spinal nerves

A

Connect the brain with the rest of the nervous system

58
Q

reflex

A

simple response to a stimulus

59
Q

Where are interneurons located?

A

located in the spinal cord

60
Q

What is the job of the interneurons?

A

they receive the nerve impulse and send the impulse to the motor neurons

61
Q

What is the job of the motor neurons?

A

they stimulate the effectors

62
Q

Why is it possible for reflexes to be lightning fast and automatic?

A

the impulses travel only to the spinal cord

63
Q

cerebrum

A

(drum) largest part of the brain

64
Q

What does the cerebrum look like?

A

lines with grooves and folds that increase the surface area

65
Q

How is the cerebrum divided?

A

into two hemisphere

66
Q

What are the jobs of the two hemispheres of the brain

A

each hemisphere controls movement of the OPPOSITE side of the body

67
Q

What is the job of the cerebrum?

A

it is the area of learning, intelligence, voluntary motion, thinking and cognitive ability

68
Q

cerebellum

A

(belle) below and behind the cerebrum

69
Q

What is the second largest part of the brain?

A

cerebellum

70
Q

What is the job of the cerebellum?

A

SUBCONSCIOUS movement of skeletal muscles (blinking), maintains balance

71
Q

medulla oblongata

A

(dull) below the cerebellum

72
Q

What does the medulla oblongata connect?

A

the brain to the spinal cord

73
Q

What is the job of the medulla oblongata?

A

controls INVOLUNTARY actions-heartbeat, breathing, reflex centers for coughing and swallowing

74
Q

What is the job of the peripheral nervous system?

A

link between the central nervous system and the rest of the body

75
Q

The peripheral nervous system is made up of how many nerves?

A

43 pairs of nerves (31 spinal nerves, 12 cranial nerves)

76
Q

Where do the peripheral nerves run from?

A

the brain and spinal cord to the ORGANS throughout the rest of the body

77
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

controls body functions that are involuntary (digestion, circulatino)

78
Q

How many different groups can the autonomic nervous system be divided into?

A

2 groups

79
Q

What are the jobs of each group int he autonomic nervous system?

A
  1. triggers and action by an organ 2. slows down or stops the action
80
Q

What are some examples of homeostasis?

A

perfect balance, sweating until you have cooled off

81
Q

How do the nerves of the autonomic nervous system work?

A

they work AGAINST each other to keep bodily activities in homeostatis

Science 7th grade (8 decks)

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