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Science 7th grade > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

(101 cards)

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1
Q

What is digestion?

A

The process by which food is broken down into small molecules to be absorbed by cells

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2
Q

What does digestion provide to the body?

A

energy

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3
Q

Digestion provides materials for what?

A

cell growth and repair

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4
Q

What are the two types of digestion?

A

mechanical and chemical

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5
Q

What is mechanical digestion?

A

When food is broken down by physical means

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6
Q

What is chemical digestion?

A

When molecules are brook down chemically

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7
Q

What is the alimentary canal?

A

the pathway by which food enters the body and is expelled…a continuous tube from the mouth to the anus

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8
Q

What are the accessory organs that help in digestion?

A

mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine

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9
Q

What occurs in the mouth during mechanical digestion?

A

chewing grinds food into smaller particles, increases the surface area, and mixes it with bolus

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10
Q

What is mastication?

A

chewing

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11
Q

What is good about increasing the surface area of food?

A

it allows for enzymes to act on the food

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12
Q

What is bolus?

A

a ball of food that has been mixed with the liquid of saliva

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13
Q

What is the job of the tongue?

A

It mixes the food

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14
Q

What occurs in the mouth during chemical digestion?

A

The salivary glands produce saliva that helps break down the starches into sugars

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15
Q

What are the salivary glands?

A

3 glands that produce saliva

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16
Q

What is in saliva?

A

the enzyme salivary amylase

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17
Q

What is the job of the enzyme amylase?

A

it helps break down starches into sugar

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18
Q

What do enzymes do?

A

They speed up reactions without being changed or used

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19
Q

What moistens the food in chemical digestion?

A

water

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20
Q

What makes the food easier to swallow during chemical digestion?

A

mucus

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21
Q

What occurs during swallowing?

A

food moves from the mouth to the esophagus

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22
Q

What is the job of the epiglottis?

A

It is a flap that covers over the opening to the trachea so food will go down the esophagus to the stomach and not the trachea to the lungs

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23
Q

What occurs in the esophagus?

A

No digestions occurs here..muscular contractions push the food ball (bolus) down

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24
Q

What is peristalsis?

A

When the muscular contractions in the esophagus push the bolus down.

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25
What occurs in the stomach during mechanical digestion?
The churning of the muscular walls mixes the food with digestive juices...the food is changed into a thin, watery liquid
26
What is chyme?
A thin, watery liquid made in the stomach by the churning of the muscular walls
27
What occurs in the stomach during chemical digestion?
cells in the stomach produce gastric juices
28
What are 3 things found in gastric juices?
hydrochloric acid, pepsin, and mucus
29
What does hydrochloric acid do in chemical digestion?
it dissolves minerals and kills bacteria
30
What is pepsin?
an enzyme that begins the digestion of proteins
31
What does mucus do?
It lubricates food
32
Where does most digestion occur?
in the small intestine
33
What occurs in the small intestine during chemical digestion?
intestinal juices mix with substances from the pancreas and liver to continue digestion
34
Intestinal juices help continue the digestion of what three things?
carbohydrates, proteins, and fats
35
What do carbohydrates turn into?
monosaccharides
36
What do proteins turn into?
amino acids
37
What do fats turn into?
fatty acids and glycerol
38
What organ is the largest organ inside of the body?
the liver
39
What is produced in the liver?
bile
40
Where is bile stored?
in the gall bladder
41
What is the job of bile?
it emulsifies (breaks up) fat (mechanical)
42
What is produced in the pancreas?
pancreatic juice and insulin
43
What does pancreatic juice do?
it contains the enzymes for the digestion of proteins ad carbohydrates
44
What is the job of insulin?
it controls the use of sugar
45
Where in the small intestine does absorption take place?
in the villi
46
What are the villi?
The tiny finger-like projections
47
What is the job of the villi?
They increase the surface area so more food can be absorbed faster
48
What happens to all of the undigested substances (water and cellulose) in the small intestine?
they continue on to the large intestine
49
What does NOT occur in the large intestine?
digestion
50
What is absorbed in the large intestine?
most of the water
51
Bacteria in the large intestine makes what?
2 B vitamins and vitamin K
52
What happens to materials NOT absorbed in the large intestine?
it forms solid waste
53
Where is this solid waste store?
in the rectum
54
Solid waste leaves the body through what?
the anus
55
What is the main function of the salivary gland?
it releases amylase and moistens food into bolus
56
What is the main function of the mouth?
mastication and production of amylase
57
What is the main function of the esophagus?
peristalsis and NO digestion
58
What is defecation?
When waste is released through the anus
59
How does the appendix aid in digestion?
It has no digestive function at all
60
What is the main function of the small intestine?
absorption takes place in the bloodstream, all nutrients are absorbed
61
What are the main functions of the gall bladder and the liver?
emulsifies fats, biles are added to small intestine, no digestion occurs
62
What is the main function of the pancreas?
production of insulin and pancreatic fluid
63
What is the main function of the stomach?
production of hydrochloric acid, pepsin, and change is produce with mucus
64
How many molars do you have in the upper jaw?
6
65
How many premolars are found in the upper jaw?
4
66
How many canines are found in the upper jaw?
2
67
How many incisors are found in the upper jaw?
4
68
How many teeth total are found in the upper jaw?
16
69
Which teeth are found in the back of the mouth?
molars
70
Which teeth are found in the front of the mouth?
incisors
71
What are the two teeth found on either side of the incisors?
the canines
72
What teeth are located between the molars and the canines?
the premolars
73
In which organ does food spend the LEAST time?
the esophagus
74
What type of change occurs in the small intestine?
Only chemical
75
What type of change occurs in the stomach
Both chemical and physical
76
What type of change occurs in the mouth and salivary glands?
Both chemical and physical
77
Are enzymes made or found in the mouth and salivary glands?
yes
78
Are enzymes made or found in the stomach?
yes
79
Are enzymes made or found in the small intestine?
yes
80
Where is hydrochloric acid made?
in the stomach
81
What type of food is acted upon in the mouth and salivary glands?
carbohydrates
82
What type of food is acted upon in the stomach?
carbohydrates
83
What type of food is acted upon in the small intestine?
fats, proteins, and carbohydrates
84
What organ makes bile?
liver
85
What organ removes water?
large intestine
86
What organ stores bile?
gall bladder
87
What organ makes enzymes for digestion?
pancreas
88
Which two organs does food NOT pass through?
liver/gall bladder and pancreas
89
What nutrient is acted upon or digested in the liver/gall bladder?
fat
90
What nutrient is acted upon or digested in the pancreas?
protein
91
What nutrient is acted upon or digested in the small intestine?
all
92
What nutrient is acted upon or digested in the large intestine?
None
93
What nutrient is acted upon or digested in the esophagus?
none
94
What nutrient is acted upon or digested in the mouth and salivary glands?
carbohydrates
95
What is the only organ that digests food?
small intestine
96
What are the only organs that absorb water?
large intestine and sometimes the stomach
97
What is the enzyme produced in your salivary gland?
saliva
98
What is the chemical made by your stomach?
hydrochloric acid (HCl)
99
What is the chemical made by your liver?
bile
100
What is the job of the chemical made by your liver?
break down fat particles
101
What is the process by which food is absorbed into your blood vessels?
absorption

Science 7th grade (8 decks)

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