Cells Flashcards
Who was one of the first people to observe cells?
Hooke
Who was the first person to observe bacteria?
Leeuwenhoek
Who concluded that all plants are made up of cells?
Schleiden
Who concluded that all animals are made of cells?
Schwann
Who proposed that all cells come from other cells?
Virchow
How does an electron microscope different from a light microscope?
an electron microscope offers more clarity (size) while a light microscope offers better detail (focus)
How are cells related to living things?
ALL living things are made of cells
cell
the basic unit of structure and function in living things, microscopic units of living things
microscope
any instrument that makes small objects look larger
compound microscope
a light microscope that has more than one lens
cell theory
a widely accepted explanation of the relationship between cells and living things
magnification
the ability to make things look larger than they are
convex lens
a curved lens that is thicker in the middle than at the edges
resolution
the ability to distinguish the individual parts of an object
organelles
tiny cell structures that carry out specific functions within the cell
cell wall
the rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds plant cells
cell membrane
the outside boundary that separates the cell from its environment (in cells without cell walls)
nucleus
a large, oval structure that directs all of the cell’s activities
chromatin
strands of genetic material floating in the nucleus
cytoplasm
the region between the cell membrane and the nucleus (clear jellylike material)
mitochondria
produce most of the energy the cell needs to carry outs its functions (gives off energy)
endoplasmic reticulum
a maze of passageways that carry proteins and other materials from one part of the cell to another
ribosomes
function as factories to produce proteins
golgi bodies
receive proteins and other newly formed materials and distribute them to other parts of the cell
chloroplasts
organelles that capture energy from sunlight and use it to produce food for the cell
vacuole
the storage area of a cell (stores water, food, and minerals)
lysosomes
small, round structures in cells that break down large food particles into smaller ones
selective permeable
lets some but not all substances pass through membranes
diffusion
the process by which molecules tend to move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
osmosis
the process by which water moves across a selectively permeable membrane
What are two types of passive transport?
- diffusion, 2. osmosis
Which type of transport requires energy?
active transport
How is osmosis different from diffusion?
osmosis deals with water…diffusion does not
Compare and contrast active and passive transport?
active transport requires energy, passive transport does not
What are two different methods of active transport?
- transport protein, 2. engulfing
What is one reason that cells are small?
it can take less time to travel through cells from one to another
respiration
the process of getting energy from food
reproduction
to form offspring similar to parents
producer
living thing that makes its own food
develop
change in shape or form
tissue
a group of cells carrying out a job
organ system
a group of organs working together
chemical formula
the name of a compound in symbols
chloroplast
cell part that contains chlorophyll
environment
things that surround an organism
centriole
part near the nucleus that helps with reproduction
organism
a living thing
What is the job of the cell membrane?
it controls what goes into cells
adaptation
trait that helps a living thing survive
chromosome
cell part with information that determine a living thing’s traits
ribosome
cell part where protein is made
organ
a group of tissues that work together
nucleolus
smaller body inside the nucleus that helps make protein
What process occurs when water moves out of the cells of a saltwater fish and into the ocean?
osmosis
What process occurs when oxygen moves from the lungs into the bloodstream?
difussion
What process occurs when sodium is pumped out of a nerve cell?
active transport
