Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bio 225 Test 3 > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Neuron Cell

A

functional unit of the nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cell body

A

cytoplasm, nucleus, other organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Dendrites

A

multiple processes that bring impulses to cell body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

axon

A

single process that carries impulses away from cell body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Afferent (sensory) neurons

A

send impulses from receptors to CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Transducer

A

converts sensory signal to an impulse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Efferent (motor) neurons

A

send impulses from CNS (brain and nerve cord) to effectors (muscles, glands, etc)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Interneurons

A

connect afferent and efferent neurons processing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Neuroglial (glial) cells

A

support neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

ex. oligodendrocyte
ex. astrocyte - store and provide nutrients and ions

A

lay down insulating myelin sheath around axons
store and provide nutrients and ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Nerve structure

A

bundle of neurons wrapped in connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

ganglia

A

bundles of neuron cell bodies; lie outside the CNS;
some coordination of impulse transmission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

axon inside

A

Outside the axon (interstitial fluid)
Inside the axon (cytoplasm)
Outside the axon (interstitial fluid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Axon Structure

A

a lipid bilayer membrane with imbedded proteins (like other cells)
1) receptor proteins – bind to molecules, allowing cell to respond
(Pump)
pumps – move substances against concentration gradient
channels – allow a flow with concentration gradient
(Pump)
leakage channels – allow a two-way flow; always open
voltage-gated channels – open and close in response to
change in electric charge
chemical or ligand-gated channels – open and close in
response to the binding of a molecule
4) pumps and channels make a cell’s membrane semipermeable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

axon and muscle cell membranes

A

only have polarity or are electrostatically charged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

the strength of this charge when at rest, the neuron not firing
(i.e. resting potential) is

A

-70 mV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Voltage

A

measures the amount of difference in electrical charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

current

A

flow of electric charges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

current of a battery involves a flow of…

A

electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

current of a neuron involves a pair of…

A

ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

3 forces act on a axon’s membrane to influence ion movement across it

A

passive diffusion of ions
passive electrostatic pressure on ions
active transport (energy used) or pumping of ions against their
concentration gradient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

cystol

A

(liquid part of cytoplasm vs organelles);
outside is interstitial fluid (IF) or extracellular fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

there is 10x more …. outside than inside

A

Na+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Action Potential has 2 phases

A

Depolarization(inside becomes less negative/more positive)
Repolarization(a restoring of the polarity of the RMP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what triggers it?

A

mainly neurotransmitter, then binds to protein receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

If depolarization reaches about -55 mV

A

AP is triggered

27
Q

Repolarization phase

A

right after voltage-gated Na+ channels open at one spot along
the axon, more slowly responding voltage-gated K+ channels open

28
Q

restores polarity (repolarization) of axon at this spot

A

K+ leaving interior

29
Q

speed of action pontential

A

speed about 1m/sec (2.5 mph)

30
Q

Node of Ranvier

A

unmyelinated section of axon, packed with Na+ channels

31
Q

Multiple Sclerosis

A

myelin sheath of axons is destroyed

32
Q

cause of multiple sclerosis

A

sodium-potassium pumps are not present where sheath
was present
action potential cannot be propagated because it will not jump
across areas without pumps when no sheath is present
many different areas of the body can be attacked; symptoms
and severity therefore vary

33
Q

a gap between two neurons or between a neuron and a
muscle or organ

A

synapses

34
Q

Components of Synapses

A

presynaptic neuron - carries impulses to synapse
postsynaptic neuron - carries impulses away from synapse
synapse or synaptic cleft-between the two

35
Q

Functioning of Synapses

A

ends of presyn neurons have vesicles containing neurotransmitter molecule
AP arriving at presyn knob triggers opening of voltage-gated Ca++ channels
ACh diffuses across the synapse and binds to receptors on chemical-gated or ligand-gated ion channels of postyn knob
In case of a muscle, a muscle contraction is triggered

36
Q

Vertebrates mammals

A

reflex arc impulse travels from sensory nerve to motor nerve via spinal cord (often interneurons) to an effector, bypassing brain

37
Q

Brain

A

Hindbrain, Medulla(heart rate, breathing, blood vessel diameter)

38
Q

Cerebellum

A

equilibrium, posture, movement

39
Q

pons

A

communication within cerebellum, between it and cerebellum

40
Q

midbrain

A

relay visual and sound stimuli to cerebrum

41
Q

Forebrain

A

thalamus analyze and relay sensory info to cerebrum; also awareness, acquiring knowledge

42
Q

Hypothalamus

A

homeostatic control of hunger, thirst, and body temperature; also emotions, circadian rhythm

43
Q

Cerebrum

A

Higher mental activities

44
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

Outside brain and nerve cord

45
Q

Efferent Division

A

Commands to muscle, glands

46
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

innervates skeletal muscles (voluntary responses)

47
Q

Autonomic Nervous system

A

innervates smooth muscle associated with organs, blood vessels

48
Q

parasympathetic system

A

controls resting responses

49
Q

sympathetic system

A

controls physical activites (fight or flight)

50
Q

afferent division

A

info from sensory receptions

51
Q

Sense Organs

A

Chemoreceptors

52
Q

Olfaction

A

nasal cavity epithelium, mucous covered lined with olfactory receptor neurons with cilia at the end. Combo of 1000 different olfactory receptor, producecs 20,000 odors

52
Q

Mechanoreceptors

A

light touch(just under epidermis, and around roots of hairs)

53
Q

Pain receptor temp

A

below 10 degrees celsius(50 F) and 48 celsius (118 F)

54
Q

Human Ear

A

pinna (auricle), auditory canal, tympanic membrane, ossicles, oval window, cochlea, cochlear nerve

55
Q

Loudness =

A

numbers of hair stimulated

56
Q

loss of hair =

A

hair detioration

57
Q

saccule and utricle

A

static balance as stony particles, stimulate hairs they rest on

58
Q

semicircular canals

A

rotational acceleration as fluid movement as fluid movement in three canals stimulates hair as body moves

59
Q

retina

A

light sensitive rear wall eye

60
Q

rods

A

majority 125 million of photoreceptors, colorless vision in dim light, concentrated at retina’s periphery

61
Q

Cones

A

fewer 1 million and provide color vision in stronger light

62
Q

Blind spot

A

lack of receptors at optic nerve

Bio 225 Test 3 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions