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Bio 225 Test 3 > Immunity > Flashcards

Immunity Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

immune

A

safe, free

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2
Q

antigen

A

any substance stimulating an immune response

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3
Q

Non-specific

A

does not make you immune to later attacks, does not involve antibodies

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4
Q

Specific or Acquired or Adaptive Immunity

A

Antibody-mediated Immunity, does make you immune to a later attack, does involve antibodies

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5
Q

Cell-Mediated Immunity

A

does make you immune to a later attack, DOES NOT INVOLVE ANTIBODIES!

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6
Q

Innate Immunity Characteristics

A

A non-specific protection you are born with that does not target a specific antigen, immediate, maximal response, does not lead to “immunological memory”

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7
Q

Types of Innate Immunity Charcteristics

A

Skin (physical barrier), chemical barrier -pH 3-5, Mucous, fever (whole body response), inflammation, vasolidation, capillary permeability increased, increased fluids=swelling,

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8
Q

Specific, Acquired/Adaptive Immunity Characteristics

A

targets specific antigen, lag time from exposure to maximal response, does provide “immunological memory”

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9
Q

Leucocytes

A

group of cells involved in specific/adaptive/acquired immunity. bloodstream is only a subway, travel for short time to do their work for infections.

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10
Q

Chemotaxis

A

allows them to move where needed

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11
Q

2 kinds of wbc

A

Phagocytes(involved in nonspecific immunity)

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12
Q

Monocytes

A

moving into tissue
they become macrophages that
continue phagocytosis there that
neutrophils began
macrophage ingesting and digesting a pathogen
macrophages also mop up/heal by eating
dead cells
– moving into tissue
they become macrophages that
continue phagocytosis there that
neutrophils began
macrophage ingesting and digesting a pathogen

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13
Q

Dendritic cells

A

in contact with the enviornment, besides eating, antigen presenting cell reinforcements of B and T lymphocytes

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14
Q

2 kind of WBC

A

Lymphocytes

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15
Q

Lymphocytes

A

named bc they are from lymph system, 90% of filtrate returns to capillaries and 10% recovered by lymph system

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16
Q

Lymph System 2 function

A

Defense:
B lymphocytes (B cells) are produced in bone marrow
- after maturing they move out to begin patrolling
- T lymphocytes (T cells) are produced in bone marrow also
- but they go to the thymus to mature before beginning to patrol
* Lymphocyte production:

17
Q

Types of Lymphocytes. (B cells)

A

a principal cell of antibody-mediated immunity
- primary function is to make antibodies against antigens
- later provides immunity as memory B cells

18
Q

T lymphocytes (T cells)

A
  • a principal cell of cell-mediated immunity
  • primary function is to kill virus-infected or tumor cells
  • later provides immunity as memory T cells
    2a) Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (Tc cells or Cytotoxic T cells)
    2b) Helper T lymphocytes (TH cells or Helper T cells)
  • aids antibody-mediated immunity (and cell-mediated immunity)
19
Q

Natural Killer cells

A

also one of the parts of the nonspecific or innate immunity system

20
Q

Antigen

A

any substance stimulating an immune response

21
Q

Antibody

A

a y shaped protein in the globulin protein family, involved in an immune response (immunoglobulins)

22
Q

Immobilization

A

as antibody binds to the surface of a bacterial
cell the bacterium is prevented from
moving where it can cause harm

23
Q

neutralization

A

antibody binding to the surface of a toxin or
a virus prevents it’s operations from harming the body

24
Q

agglutination

A

ab immobilizes pathogens by clumping them
together as it binds to the surface of more than one

25
Q

opsonization

A

after ab binds
to an ag surface it attracts/signals
a phagocyte that ingests the ag/ab
complex

26
Q

Antibody

A

a protein produced by the immune system of vertebrates to detect and destroy invaders of the body

27
Q

Cytokines

A

a protein messenger molecule, it can activate a response by the same cell that made it,
ex. interleukin, interferon
or it can activate a different cell that is either close by or
farther away
cytokines
cytokines

28
Q

Specific Immunity

A

A. Characteristics
B. Leucocytes
1. Phagocytes – eating
2. Lymphocytes – non-eating
C. Molecules, other cells
Ag, Ab, MHC, APC, Cytokines

29
Q

Antibody functioning

A

immobilization, neutralization, agglutination, opsonization,
activation of complement protein

30
Q

Antibody-mediated Specific/Acquired/Adaptive Immunity

A

also known as “humoral” immunity/humoral response (= “fluid”)
- its focus is on extracellular invaders, in fluids of the body
(interstitial fluids/blood), versus the focus of cell-mediated
immunity inside cells

31
Q

Activation Phase of Antibody-mediated specific acquired adaptive immunity

A

ag enters the body and an APC is there to confront it, the APC phagocytizes and displays pieces of that specific ag
on its surface with its MHC (flagpole)
these APC cells migrate from the site where the ag was
encountered to 2o lymphoid tissue (ex. lymph nodes)
there the APCs encounter TH cells, and the APC’s cytokines
activate TH cells
= APC

32
Q

Effector phase

A

these multiplied TH cells that are specific to the invading ag now
encounter B cells specific to the invading ag and bind to them
2. Effector Phase
b) these TH cells then release cytokines that trigger these B cells
that are specific to the invading ag to clonally expand
All of these B cells will be specific
to the ag that has invaded the body
because they bound to and were
triggered to multiply by a TH cell
specific to the invading ag
specific to the
invading ag
B cell thatB cell that
matches thismatches this
TTHH cellcell
some of these B cells remain in the body’s system as memory cells
ab will be made quick enough to deal with the ag before symptoms
develop = immunological memory

33
Q

Activation Phase

A

when a body cell becomes infected by a virus, it puts some of the
foreign virus protein (ag) on its surface using its MHC protein
(flagpole), the same way that it puts its own “self” protein there

34
Q

Blood Group Antigens (ABO blood types)

A

ab is present in the blood for all foreign rbc ag, ab interaction with foreign ag causes dangerous clotting, blood types are named for the ag clotting

35
Q

Blood Type A

A

Antigen present A, Antibody present Anti B, Blood Type Accepted A, O

36
Q

Blood Type B

A

Antigen present B, Antibody present Anti A, Blood type accepted B, O

37
Q

AB universal recipient

A

Antigen present A and B, Antibody present none, Blood type accepted A, B, AB, O

38
Q

O universal donor

A

antigen present none, antibody present anti a & anti b, blood type accepted o

39
Q

Rh factor

A

another separate ab-ag system of the blood, ag is either present (Rh)+, or absent Rh - on rbc

Bio 225 Test 3 (6 decks)

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