Nervous System Flashcards
These are specialized cells that can receive and transmit chemical or electrical signals
Neurons
These are cells that provide support functions for the neurons by playing an information processing role that is complementary to neurons
Glia Cells
These are bundles of nervous tissue that often contains axons wrapped in connective tissue
Nerves
What are the two parts that consists of the Central Nervous System
Brain
Spinal Cord
It is a structure of that processes information, composed of inter-connected neurons and glial cells
Brain
It is a structure that transmits information, consisting of a thick bundle of nerve tissue that carries information about the body to the brain, brain to the body
Spinal Cord
What type of Nervous System collects the information and sends command, containing nerves that extend to and from the spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System
What type of Nervous System where information is integrated and processed
Central Nervous System
It collects sensory information from the body and transmit it to the CNS also called as sensory nerves
Afferent Nerves
It carries the commands from the CNS to the body, also called as the motor nerves
Efferent Nerves
What animal does not have a nervous system
Sea Sponges
Cnidarians lack a true brain but have a system of separate but connected neurons that is called a
Nerve Net
It is part of the insect nervous system that can control movement and behavior without input from the brain
Ganglia
What are the three different classes of neurons
Afferent Neurons
Efferent Neurons
Interneurons
It brings messages to CNS, to brain and spinal cord (Afferent)
Afferent Neurons / Sensory Neurons
It carries messages from CNS, from brain and spinal cord to body (Efferent)
Efferent Neurons / Motor Neurons
It is only found in the CNS, it connect one neuron to another, It receives information from other neurons
Interneurons
What are the Functions of the Nervous System
Sensory Function
Transmits information
Integration Function
Motor Function
Controls all the body functions
It is the Basic functional unit of the nervous system and transmits impulses up to 250 mph
Neuron
Parts of the Neuron
It receives stimulus and carries its impulses towards the cell body
Dendrite
Parts of the Neuron
It consists of nucleus and most of cytoplasm
Cell body with nucleus
Parts of the Neuron
It is a fiber which carries impulses away from the cell body
Axon
Parts of the Neuron
These are cells which produce myelin or fat layer in the Peripheral Nervous System
Schwann Cells
Parts of the Neuron
It is a dense lipid layer which insulates the axon, and it makes it look gray
Myelin Sheath
Parts of the Neuron
These are gaps of nodes in the myelin sheath
Node of Ranvier
Examples of The Nervous System is responsible for the intelligence of the animals
Fish, Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians, Mammals
Vertebrates Nervous System:
it controls body temperature, reproductive functions, eating, sleeping, and the display of emotions.
Prosencephalon (forebrain)
Vertebrates Nervous System:
It is a relay system, transmitting information necessary for vision and hearing
Mesencephalon (midbrain)
Vertebrates Nervous System:
Its main functions include sleep, respiration, motor coordination and organization, and reflexes.
Rhombencephalon (hindbrain)
Invertebrates Nervous System:
Echinodermata
Epidermal Nerve Net
Invertebrates Nervous System:
Platyhelminthes and Annelida
Longitudinal Nerve Cords
Invertebrates Nervous System:
Cephalopod Mollusks
Ganglia
Invertebrates Nervous System:
Antropods
Segmental Ganglia
Invertebrates Nervous System:
Nematoda
Nerve Ring
Invertebrates Nervous System:
Porifera has no true Nervous System but it has a
Oscula
It protects the Brain
Cranium / Skull
What are the six main sections of the brain:
Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Diencephalon
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla Oblongata
What are the four lobes of the Cerebrum:
Frontal (reasoning)
Parietal (sensory information)
Temporal (auditory information)
Occipital (Visual Information)
Functions of the Cerebellum:
Muscle Coordination
Balance
Posture
Muscle Tone
Two structures of the Diencephalon:
Thalamus (directs sensory impulses to the cerebrum)
Hypothalamus (Controls and regulates temperature, appetite, etc…)
Midbrain function:
Eye and Auditory reflexes
Function of the Pons:
Reflex Actions
ex: chewing, tasting
Function of the Medulla Oblongata:
Digestion
Respiration
Swallowing
Coughing
Sneezing
Blood Pressure
What are the four regions of the spinal cord
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Spinal Nerves
What are the two systems in the PNS
Somatic
Autonomic
What are the two systems of the Autonomic Nervous System:
Sympathetic Nervous System
Parasympathetic Nervous System
What are the two systems of the Autonomic Nervous System:
Revs up the body to either defend or escape
Sympathetic Nervous System
What are the two systems of the Autonomic Nervous System:
Brings all systems of the body back to normal
Parasympathetic Nervous System
