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Zoology Lecture Finals > Ecology and Ecosystems > Flashcards

Ecology and Ecosystems Flashcards

1
Q

It is a community including their physical environment, it consists of all populations inhabiting an area

A

Ecosystem

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2
Q

It is a sequence of organisms through which energy moves in an ecosystem

A

Food Chain

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3
Q

It traces the food through the trophic levels of a community when organisms feed on one another

A

Chains

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4
Q

Levels of the Food Chain:

A

Primary Producers
Primary Consumers
Secondary Consumers
Tertiary Consumers
Quarternary Consumers

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5
Q

Food chains that are interconnected and is considered as more realistic

A

Food Web

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6
Q

It is a group of organisms based on utilized form of energy

A

Trophic Level

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7
Q

It acquires nutrition from inorganic materials

ex: Green Plants that undergo photosynthesis

A

Producers (Autotrophs)

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8
Q

It gets energy through eating other organisms

A

Consumers (Heterotrophs)

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9
Q

It eats producers

A

Herbivores (Primary Consumers)

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10
Q

It eats Herbivores

A

Some Carnivores (Secondary Consumers)

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11
Q

It eats carnivores that ate the herbivores

A

Carnivores (Tertiary Consumers)

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12
Q

They get nourished through large chunk of dead and decaying organic matter

A

Scavengers

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13
Q

They break down dead organisms and feces

A

Decomposers

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14
Q

It is determined whether the habitat is suitable or not for an animal

A

Abiotic Factors

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15
Q

Examples of Abiotic Factors:

A

Availability of Oxygen
Inorganic Ions
Light
Temperature
Wind Velocity
Moisture
Geology and Soils

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16
Q

It includes interactions that happen among individuals of the same species as well as interactions between different species

A

Biotic Factors

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17
Q

It is a group of individuals of the same species that dwell on a given area

A

Population

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18
Q

It occurs among members of the same species, it involves utilization of the same resources, often intense because the resources is nearly identical

A

Intraspecific Competition

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19
Q

Examples of Intraspecifc Competition:

A

Republic Lizards
Distichus - Insolitus

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20
Q

It is all the characteristics of a population, it can be influenced by members of other species

A

Interspecific Interactions

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21
Q

Competition for resources that exists among members of different species

A

Interspecific Competition

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22
Q

Only cutting and usually not killing the plant by a herbivore

A

Herbivory

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23
Q

Predator is killing and eating the prey

A

Predation

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24
Q

Example of a Herbivorous Marine Mammal:

A

Manatee

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25
It is a coordinated evolution of ecologically related species, happens between Interactions, Competition, Predation
Coevolution
26
It is a continuing and intimate associations between two different species
Symbiosis
27
Organism lives in or on a host (can be multiple)
Parasitism
28
Example of Parasitism:
Shark and Remoras Leeches and Humans Dogs and Fleas
29
One member of the relationship benefits while other is neither benefited or harmed
Commensalism
30
Example of Commensalism:
Cattle egrets and African Buffalo Whales and Barnacles
31
Both members of the relationship benefits
Mutualism
32
Example of Mutualism:
Acacia Trees and Ants Bees and Flowers
33
It is the mean to avoid detection of animals, can either be visual, chemical, auditory
Crypsis
34
Examples of Crypsis:
Mantids Phasmids Ambush Bugs
35
Species resembles one or sometimes more other species, this provides protection
Mimicry
36
Examples of Mimicry:
Mimic Octopus Coral Snakes Snapping Turtles Cleaner Fish
37
Examples of Interspecific Competition:
Woodpeckers and Squirrels Lions and Cheetahs Antelopes and Gazelles
38
Examples of Herbivory:
Cows Horse Goats Koala Pandas
39
Examples of Predation:
Lions and Wildebeest Dolphins and Fish Orcas and Seals Coyotes and Rabbits
40
Examples of Coevolution:
Predator and Prey Mutualism (Bees and Flowers)
41
It is a Ecological Problem, it is the cause of all ecological problems, similar to other animals it grows exponentially
Human Population Growth
42
It is the desired standard of living and equal distribution of resources among all population, attainment of which results to stability of population
Carrying Capacity
43
It consists of different living organisms found in a particular ecosystem
Biodiversity
44
It is considered a main threat of which is habitat destruction
Biodiversity Loss
45
It encourages algal growth in lakes, rivers, and oceans, it is due to fertilizer use and agricultural run-off
Nitrogen and Phosphorus Cycling
46
It is caused by build up of greenhouse gases mainly CO2 coming from burning of Fossil Fuels
Climate Change
47
Increase of Dissolved CO2 in water and forms carbonic acid
Ocean Acidification
48
Urban sprawl leads to dependence on automobiles, inflated costs of public transportation
Land Use
49
Serves as irrigation, for industry and household use
Freshwater Use
50
It is caused by the use of chlorofluorocarbons in aerosol cans, air conditioners, and refrigerators
Ozone Depletion
51
It is found in the stratosphere that filters UVB radiation coming from the sun, protects us from skin cancer and cataracts
Ozone (O3)
52
It is a basic unit and Functional Unit of ecology
Ecosystem
53
What are the Five Major Ecosystems:
Forest Tundra Savanna Grassland Dessert
54
Major Ecosystem covered with trees
Forest
55
Major Ecosystem between arctic ice and snow
Tundra
56
Major Ecosystem that has hot days and cold nights
Savanna
57
Major Ecosystem that looks like a swamp and contains tall trees
Grassland
58
Major Ecosystem that has no trees and no water
Desert
59
Examples of Forest:
Luzon Montane Rainforests Luzon Tropical Pine Forests Palawan Rainforests Mindoro Rainforests Greater Negros-Panay Rainforests
60
Examples of Tundra:
Arctic tundra Alpine tundra Antarctic tundra
61
Examples of Savanna:
Serengeti Plains of Tanzania Acacia Plains of East Africa The savannas of Venezuela Australian Savanna
62
Examples of Grasslands:
Eurasian steppes North American prairies Argentine pampas
63
Examples of Desert:
The Atacama Desert Namib Desert Sahara Desert
64
What are the four structures inside a forest:
Plants Animals Microbial’s Abiotic
65
Major Functions of the Ecosystem:
Food chain / Food web - Transfer of Nutrients Biogeochemical Cycles
66
What are the two types of biogeochemical cycles:
Perfect Biogeochemical Cycle (Gaseous Cycle) Imperfect Biogeochemical Cycle (Sedimentary Cycle)
67
Food Chain Structure: First - Above Last - Below
Soil (Abiotic) Grass (Producer) Primary/Secondary Consumer Tertiary Consumer Decomposer Soil
68
Perfect Biological Cycles: O2 - C2
Animal CO2 Plants Air Animal
69
Perfect Biological Cycles: N2
N2 Soil Ammonia Nodules Plants
70
Legumes examples of Plants that produces N2 fixing bacteria:
Nut Peanut Monggo Green Beans
71
These are found in the root of the plants
Nodules
72
Perfect Biological Cycles: Water Cycle
Sea Evaporation (Clouds) Evaporation Rain Filtration Conduction Transpiration
73
Sedimentary / Imperfect Biogeochemical Cycle: Sulfur and Phosphorus:
Rock / Soil Plants Animals Rock / Soil
74
It is the process of planting the same plant in the same field
Monoculture
75
Man made activities that can alter Biogeochemical Cycles
Deforestation Use of Chemical Fertilizer No Legume Plants Water Usage
76
It is the massive growth of algae due to chemical fertilizers the more the algae the lesser the oxygen Algae dies and water pollution increases
Eutrophication

Zoology Lecture Finals (6 decks)

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