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Zoology Lecture Finals > Ecology and Ecosystems > Flashcards

Ecology and Ecosystems Flashcards

1
Q

It is a community including their physical environment, it consists of all populations inhabiting an area

A

Ecosystem

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2
Q

It is a sequence of organisms through which energy moves in an ecosystem

A

Food Chain

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3
Q

It traces the food through the trophic levels of a community when organisms feed on one another

A

Chains

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4
Q

Levels of the Food Chain:

A

Primary Producers
Primary Consumers
Secondary Consumers
Tertiary Consumers
Quarternary Consumers

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5
Q

Food chains that are interconnected and is considered as more realistic

A

Food Web

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6
Q

It is a group of organisms based on utilized form of energy

A

Trophic Level

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7
Q

It acquires nutrition from inorganic materials

ex: Green Plants that undergo photosynthesis

A

Producers (Autotrophs)

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8
Q

It gets energy through eating other organisms

A

Consumers (Heterotrophs)

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9
Q

It eats producers

A

Herbivores (Primary Consumers)

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10
Q

It eats Herbivores

A

Some Carnivores (Secondary Consumers)

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11
Q

It eats carnivores that ate the herbivores

A

Carnivores (Tertiary Consumers)

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12
Q

They get nourished through large chunk of dead and decaying organic matter

A

Scavengers

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13
Q

They break down dead organisms and feces

A

Decomposers

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14
Q

It is determined whether the habitat is suitable or not for an animal

A

Abiotic Factors

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15
Q

Examples of Abiotic Factors:

A

Availability of Oxygen
Inorganic Ions
Light
Temperature
Wind Velocity
Moisture
Geology and Soils

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16
Q

It includes interactions that happen among individuals of the same species as well as interactions between different species

A

Biotic Factors

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17
Q

It is a group of individuals of the same species that dwell on a given area

A

Population

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18
Q

It occurs among members of the same species, it involves utilization of the same resources, often intense because the resources is nearly identical

A

Intraspecific Competition

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19
Q

Examples of Intraspecifc Competition:

A

Republic Lizards
Distichus - Insolitus

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20
Q

It is all the characteristics of a population, it can be influenced by members of other species

A

Interspecific Interactions

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21
Q

Competition for resources that exists among members of different species

A

Interspecific Competition

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22
Q

Only cutting and usually not killing the plant by a herbivore

A

Herbivory

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23
Q

Predator is killing and eating the prey

A

Predation

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24
Q

Example of a Herbivorous Marine Mammal:

A

Manatee

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25
Q

It is a coordinated evolution of ecologically related species, happens between Interactions, Competition, Predation

A

Coevolution

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26
Q

It is a continuing and intimate associations between two different species

A

Symbiosis

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27
Q

Organism lives in or on a host (can be multiple)

A

Parasitism

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28
Q

Example of Parasitism:

A

Shark and Remoras
Leeches and Humans
Dogs and Fleas

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29
Q

One member of the relationship benefits while other is neither benefited or harmed

A

Commensalism

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30
Q

Example of Commensalism:

A

Cattle egrets and African Buffalo
Whales and Barnacles

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31
Q

Both members of the relationship benefits

A

Mutualism

32
Q

Example of Mutualism:

A

Acacia Trees and Ants
Bees and Flowers

33
Q

It is the mean to avoid detection of animals, can either be visual, chemical, auditory

A

Crypsis

34
Q

Examples of Crypsis:

A

Mantids
Phasmids
Ambush Bugs

35
Q

Species resembles one or sometimes more other species, this provides protection

A

Mimicry

36
Q

Examples of Mimicry:

A

Mimic Octopus
Coral Snakes
Snapping Turtles
Cleaner Fish

37
Q

Examples of Interspecific Competition:

A

Woodpeckers and Squirrels
Lions and Cheetahs
Antelopes and Gazelles

38
Q

Examples of Herbivory:

A

Cows
Horse
Goats
Koala
Pandas

39
Q

Examples of Predation:

A

Lions and Wildebeest
Dolphins and Fish
Orcas and Seals
Coyotes and Rabbits

40
Q

Examples of Coevolution:

A

Predator and Prey
Mutualism (Bees and Flowers)

41
Q

It is a Ecological Problem, it is the cause of all ecological problems, similar to other animals it grows exponentially

A

Human Population Growth

42
Q

It is the desired standard of living and equal distribution of resources among all population, attainment of which results to stability of population

A

Carrying Capacity

43
Q

It consists of different living organisms found in a particular ecosystem

A

Biodiversity

44
Q

It is considered a main threat of which is habitat destruction

A

Biodiversity Loss

45
Q

It encourages algal growth in lakes, rivers, and oceans, it is due to fertilizer use and agricultural run-off

A

Nitrogen and Phosphorus Cycling

46
Q

It is caused by build up of greenhouse gases mainly CO2 coming from burning of Fossil Fuels

A

Climate Change

47
Q

Increase of Dissolved CO2 in water and forms carbonic acid

A

Ocean Acidification

48
Q

Urban sprawl leads to dependence on automobiles, inflated costs of public transportation

A

Land Use

49
Q

Serves as irrigation, for industry and household use

A

Freshwater Use

50
Q

It is caused by the use of chlorofluorocarbons in aerosol cans, air conditioners, and refrigerators

A

Ozone Depletion

51
Q

It is found in the stratosphere that filters UVB radiation coming from the sun, protects us from skin cancer and cataracts

A

Ozone (O3)

52
Q

It is a basic unit and Functional Unit of ecology

A

Ecosystem

53
Q

What are the Five Major Ecosystems:

A

Forest
Tundra
Savanna
Grassland
Dessert

54
Q

Major Ecosystem covered with trees

A

Forest

55
Q

Major Ecosystem between arctic ice and snow

A

Tundra

56
Q

Major Ecosystem that has hot days and cold nights

A

Savanna

57
Q

Major Ecosystem that looks like a swamp and contains tall trees

A

Grassland

58
Q

Major Ecosystem that has no trees and no water

A

Desert

59
Q

Examples of Forest:

A

Luzon Montane Rainforests
Luzon Tropical Pine Forests
Palawan Rainforests
Mindoro Rainforests
Greater Negros-Panay Rainforests

60
Q

Examples of Tundra:

A

Arctic tundra
Alpine tundra
Antarctic tundra

61
Q

Examples of Savanna:

A

Serengeti Plains of Tanzania
Acacia Plains of East Africa
The savannas of Venezuela
Australian Savanna

62
Q

Examples of Grasslands:

A

Eurasian steppes
North American prairies
Argentine pampas

63
Q

Examples of Desert:

A

The Atacama Desert
Namib Desert
Sahara Desert

64
Q

What are the four structures inside a forest:

A

Plants
Animals
Microbial’s
Abiotic

65
Q

Major Functions of the Ecosystem:

A

Food chain / Food web - Transfer of Nutrients
Biogeochemical Cycles

66
Q

What are the two types of biogeochemical cycles:

A

Perfect Biogeochemical Cycle (Gaseous Cycle)
Imperfect Biogeochemical Cycle (Sedimentary Cycle)

67
Q

Food Chain Structure:

First - Above
Last - Below

A

Soil (Abiotic)
Grass (Producer)
Primary/Secondary Consumer
Tertiary Consumer
Decomposer
Soil

68
Q

Perfect Biological Cycles:

O2 - C2

A

Animal
CO2
Plants
Air
Animal

69
Q

Perfect Biological Cycles:

N2

A

N2
Soil
Ammonia
Nodules
Plants

70
Q

Legumes examples of Plants that produces N2 fixing bacteria:

A

Nut
Peanut
Monggo
Green Beans

71
Q

These are found in the root of the plants

A

Nodules

72
Q

Perfect Biological Cycles:

Water Cycle

A

Sea
Evaporation (Clouds)
Evaporation
Rain
Filtration
Conduction
Transpiration

73
Q

Sedimentary / Imperfect Biogeochemical Cycle:

Sulfur and Phosphorus:

A

Rock / Soil
Plants
Animals
Rock / Soil

74
Q

It is the process of planting the same plant in the same field

A

Monoculture

75
Q

Man made activities that can alter Biogeochemical Cycles

A

Deforestation
Use of Chemical Fertilizer
No Legume Plants
Water Usage

76
Q

It is the massive growth of algae due to chemical fertilizers

the more the algae the lesser the oxygen

Algae dies and water pollution increases

A

Eutrophication

Zoology Lecture Finals (6 decks)

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