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Zoology Lecture Finals > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

It is the process by which cells excrete waste and other large molecules from the cytoplasm to the cell exterior

A

Exocytosis

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2
Q

This is where exocytosis releases the secretion into the bloodstream or surrounding extracellular fluid

A

Endocrine Glands

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3
Q

This is where exocytosis releases the secretion into a duct that carries secretion to a surface such as skin

A

Exocrine Glands

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4
Q

Functions of the Endocrine System:

A

Metabolism
Heart rate and blood pressure regulation
Tissue Development
Ion Regulation
Water Balance
Control of food intake and digestion

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5
Q

Organs in the Endocrine System:

A

Hypothalamus
Thymus
Heart
Kidneys
Stomach
Small Intestine
Liver
Adipose Tissue
Ovaries
Testes

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6
Q

Its primary function is to secrete their hormones directly into the surrounding fluid

A

Endocrine Glands

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7
Q

It is a structure that regulates hormone secretion, and is located in the brain

A

Hypothalamus

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8
Q

It is a small, pea sized endocrine gland located at the base of the brain produce and releases several hormones that help carry out important bodily functions

ex: Growth, Metabolism

A

Pituitary Gland

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9
Q

It is composed of Glandular Tissue, it produces and secretes several hormones

A

Anterior Pituitary Gland

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10
Q

What are the six major hormones that the Anterior Pituitary Gland produces:

A

Growth Hormone
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
Follicle Stimulating Hormone
Luteinizing Hormone
Prolactin

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11
Q

Six Major Hormones that are produced by the Pituitary Gland:

Stimulates Growth and Cell Production

A

Growth Hormone

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12
Q

Six Major Hormones that are produced by the Pituitary Gland:

Stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones

A

Thyroid Stimulating Hormones

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13
Q

Six Major Hormones that are produced by the Pituitary Gland:

Stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce cortisol

A

Adrenocorticotropic Hormones

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14
Q

Six Major Hormones that are produced by the Pituitary Gland:

Stimulates ovarian follicle development and sperm production

A

Follicle Stimulating Hormone

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15
Q

Six Major Hormones that are produced by the Pituitary Gland:

It triggers ovulation and stimulates testosterone production

A

Luteinizing Hormone

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16
Q

Six Major Hormones that are produced by the Pituitary Gland:

Promotes milk production in breastfeeding

A

Prolactin

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17
Q

It is composed of nervous tissue, it does not produce hormones but stores and releases hormones made by the hypothalamus

A

Posterior Pituitary Gland

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18
Q

These are signaling molecules released into the bloodstream, it can reach most cells and have a widespread neurons

A

Hormones

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19
Q

Three types of Hormones:

A

Steroid Hormones
Amine Hormones
Peptide and Protein Hormones

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20
Q

Three Types of Hormones:

It is derived from cholesterol and can pass through cell membranes

A

Steroid Hormones

21
Q

Three Types of Hormones:

It is derived from amino acids

ex: epinephrine and thyroxine

A

Amine Hormones

22
Q

Three Types of Hormones:

It is made up of chains of amino acids

ex: insulin and growth hormone

A

Peptide and Protein Hormones

23
Q

It helps control when we feel awake or sleepy, plays a role in our body’s internal clock, it produces melatonin

A

Pineal Gland

24
Q

It controls the energy use and helps keep calcium levels balanced in the body, found in the surfaces of trachea

A

Thyroid Glands

25
Q

It controls the blood calcium levels, which are important for muscle and nerve function

A

Parathyroid Glands

26
Q

It is mostly found in infants, it is responsible for secreting thymosins, it helps train and develop immune cells that defend the body in the early stages of life

A

Thymus

27
Q

It produces insulin and glucagon, it helps maintain balanced blood sugar levels, which is essential for energy

A

Pancreas

28
Q

It helps control stress responses, blood pressure, and energy use in the body

A

Adrenal Glands

29
Q

It produces testosterone and other hormones important for male reproductive functions

A

Testes

30
Q

It produces estrogen and progesterone, which regulates the female reproductive functions

A

Ovaries

31
Q

These cells release a hormone called bursicon, which is involved in hardening and darkening of cuticle

A

Neurosecretory Cells

32
Q

They help control the insects heartbeat and the level of trehalose

A

Corpora Cardiaca

33
Q

It is a type of sugar in an insects blood

A

Trehalose

34
Q

It produces juvenile hormone which is crucial for regulating an insects development

A

Corpora Allata

35
Q

These are vital for regulating growth and metamorphosis in insects through production of ecdysone

A

Prothoracic Glands

36
Q

it is an active form and stimulates metamorphosis and regulates molting in insects

A

Ecdysone

37
Q

Examples of Disorders:

A

Diabetes
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Addisons Disease
Hypothyroidism

38
Q

What are the two types of hormone receptors:

For hormones that cannot enter the cell, the receptor is in the cell surface

ex: Insulin

A

Cell Surface Receptor

39
Q

What are the two types of hormone receptors:

For hormones that can enter cells the receptor is inside the cell

ex: Steroid Hormones

A

Intercellular Receptor

40
Q

It is a hormone released during stress or danger, it prepares the body to respond

A

Adrenaline (Epinephrine)

41
Q

This hormone is also known as the stress hormone it helps the body respond to stress

A

Cortisol

42
Q

This hormone controls the metabolism, energy use, and growth

A

Thyroxine

43
Q

This hormone is produced by the pancreas, it regulates blood sugar levels by allowing cells to absorb glucose

A

Insulin

44
Q

This hormone regulates water balance and blood pressure

A

Antidiuretic Hormone

45
Q

Functions of the Hypothalamus:

A

Homeostasis
Hormonal Control
Emotions and Behavior
Autonomic Nervous System Regulation

46
Q

Three types of Endocrine Cells:

This secretes Glucagon

A

Alpha Cells

47
Q

Three types of Endocrine Cells:

This secretes insulin

A

Beta Cells

48
Q

Three types of Endocrine Cells:

It inhibits both the secretion of glucagon and insulin

A

Delta Cells

Zoology Lecture Finals (6 decks)

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