Endocrine System Flashcards
It is the process by which cells excrete waste and other large molecules from the cytoplasm to the cell exterior
Exocytosis
This is where exocytosis releases the secretion into the bloodstream or surrounding extracellular fluid
Endocrine Glands
This is where exocytosis releases the secretion into a duct that carries secretion to a surface such as skin
Exocrine Glands
Functions of the Endocrine System:
Metabolism
Heart rate and blood pressure regulation
Tissue Development
Ion Regulation
Water Balance
Control of food intake and digestion
Organs in the Endocrine System:
Hypothalamus
Thymus
Heart
Kidneys
Stomach
Small Intestine
Liver
Adipose Tissue
Ovaries
Testes
Its primary function is to secrete their hormones directly into the surrounding fluid
Endocrine Glands
It is a structure that regulates hormone secretion, and is located in the brain
Hypothalamus
It is a small, pea sized endocrine gland located at the base of the brain produce and releases several hormones that help carry out important bodily functions
ex: Growth, Metabolism
Pituitary Gland
It is composed of Glandular Tissue, it produces and secretes several hormones
Anterior Pituitary Gland
What are the six major hormones that the Anterior Pituitary Gland produces:
Growth Hormone
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
Follicle Stimulating Hormone
Luteinizing Hormone
Prolactin
Six Major Hormones that are produced by the Pituitary Gland:
Stimulates Growth and Cell Production
Growth Hormone
Six Major Hormones that are produced by the Pituitary Gland:
Stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones
Thyroid Stimulating Hormones
Six Major Hormones that are produced by the Pituitary Gland:
Stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce cortisol
Adrenocorticotropic Hormones
Six Major Hormones that are produced by the Pituitary Gland:
Stimulates ovarian follicle development and sperm production
Follicle Stimulating Hormone
Six Major Hormones that are produced by the Pituitary Gland:
It triggers ovulation and stimulates testosterone production
Luteinizing Hormone
Six Major Hormones that are produced by the Pituitary Gland:
Promotes milk production in breastfeeding
Prolactin
It is composed of nervous tissue, it does not produce hormones but stores and releases hormones made by the hypothalamus
Posterior Pituitary Gland
These are signaling molecules released into the bloodstream, it can reach most cells and have a widespread neurons
Hormones
Three types of Hormones:
Steroid Hormones
Amine Hormones
Peptide and Protein Hormones
Three Types of Hormones:
It is derived from cholesterol and can pass through cell membranes
Steroid Hormones
Three Types of Hormones:
It is derived from amino acids
ex: epinephrine and thyroxine
Amine Hormones
Three Types of Hormones:
It is made up of chains of amino acids
ex: insulin and growth hormone
Peptide and Protein Hormones
It helps control when we feel awake or sleepy, plays a role in our body’s internal clock, it produces melatonin
Pineal Gland
It controls the energy use and helps keep calcium levels balanced in the body, found in the surfaces of trachea
Thyroid Glands
It controls the blood calcium levels, which are important for muscle and nerve function
Parathyroid Glands
It is mostly found in infants, it is responsible for secreting thymosins, it helps train and develop immune cells that defend the body in the early stages of life
Thymus
It produces insulin and glucagon, it helps maintain balanced blood sugar levels, which is essential for energy
Pancreas
It helps control stress responses, blood pressure, and energy use in the body
Adrenal Glands
It produces testosterone and other hormones important for male reproductive functions
Testes
It produces estrogen and progesterone, which regulates the female reproductive functions
Ovaries
These cells release a hormone called bursicon, which is involved in hardening and darkening of cuticle
Neurosecretory Cells
They help control the insects heartbeat and the level of trehalose
Corpora Cardiaca
It is a type of sugar in an insects blood
Trehalose
It produces juvenile hormone which is crucial for regulating an insects development
Corpora Allata
These are vital for regulating growth and metamorphosis in insects through production of ecdysone
Prothoracic Glands
it is an active form and stimulates metamorphosis and regulates molting in insects
Ecdysone
Examples of Disorders:
Diabetes
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Addisons Disease
Hypothyroidism
What are the two types of hormone receptors:
For hormones that cannot enter the cell, the receptor is in the cell surface
ex: Insulin
Cell Surface Receptor
What are the two types of hormone receptors:
For hormones that can enter cells the receptor is inside the cell
ex: Steroid Hormones
Intercellular Receptor
It is a hormone released during stress or danger, it prepares the body to respond
Adrenaline (Epinephrine)
This hormone is also known as the stress hormone it helps the body respond to stress
Cortisol
This hormone controls the metabolism, energy use, and growth
Thyroxine
This hormone is produced by the pancreas, it regulates blood sugar levels by allowing cells to absorb glucose
Insulin
This hormone regulates water balance and blood pressure
Antidiuretic Hormone
Functions of the Hypothalamus:
Homeostasis
Hormonal Control
Emotions and Behavior
Autonomic Nervous System Regulation
Three types of Endocrine Cells:
This secretes Glucagon
Alpha Cells
Three types of Endocrine Cells:
This secretes insulin
Beta Cells
Three types of Endocrine Cells:
It inhibits both the secretion of glucagon and insulin
Delta Cells
