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Zoology Lecture Finals > Ecosystems > Flashcards

Ecosystems Flashcards

1
Q

It is the study of interactions between individual organisms and their environment

A

Ecology

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2
Q

What year and who created the word ecology

A

Ernst Haeckel, 1869

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3
Q

It is the study of the individual organism or an individual species and its population, also called “species ecology”

A

Autecology

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4
Q

It is the study of groups of organisms which are associated together as a unit, also called “ecology of communities”

A

Synecology

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5
Q

It relates organism with various groups of organisms and their inter-relationship

A

Population Ecology

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6
Q

It deals with the genetic make-up of species in relation to the environment

A

Gene Ecology

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7
Q

It includes ecology and taxonomic groups as microbial ecology

A

Taxonomic Ecology

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8
Q

It is the study of organisms and interactions in the water

A

Aquatic Ecology

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9
Q

It includes ocean, deep sea, estuary

A

Marine Water Ecology

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10
Q

It includes lectic or running water (river, stream, spring) and lentic or standing water (pond and lake)

A

Freshwater Ecology

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11
Q

It is the study of organisms and interactions in the land

A

Terrestrial Ecology

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12
Q

Examples of Terrestrial Ecology:

A

Dessert Ecology
Forrest Ecology
Grassland Ecology

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13
Q

Examples of animals in the Aquatic Ecology:

A

Shellfish
Shark
Turtles
Blue whale
Plankton
Corals

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14
Q

Examples of animals in the Fresh Water Ecology:

A

Snails
Worms
Turtles
Frogs
Alligators
Beavers
Otters
Snakes

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15
Q

Examples of animals in the Grass Land Ecology:

A

Elephants
Bison
Cheetahs
Gazelles
Lions
Tigers

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16
Q

Examples of animals in the Forest Ecology:

A

Foxes
Monkeys
Sloth
Black Bear
Dear
Eagle
Capybara

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17
Q

Examples of animals in the Desert Ecology:

A

Camel
Meerkat
Vultures
Scorpions
Rattlesnake

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18
Q

Four Importance of Ecology:

A

Conservation of Environment
Resource Allocation
Energy Conservation
Eco-Friendliness

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19
Q

Who proposed the word Ecosystem and in what year

A

Arthur George Tansley, 1935

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20
Q

It is a structural and functional unit where the living organisms interact with each other

A

Ecosystem

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21
Q

What are the two main components of the Ecosystem:

A

Biotic Factors
Abiotic Factors

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22
Q

It is the living factor of an ecosystem

A

Biotic Factors

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23
Q

Example of Biotic Factors:

A

Bacteria
Fungi
Plants
Animals

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24
Q

It is the non-living chemical and physical factors of an ecosystem

A

Abiotic Factors

25
Examples of Abiotic Factors:
Sunlight Soil Air Moisture Minerals
26
What are the three types of biotic factors
Producers Consumers Decomposers
27
Type of biotic factor that produces food themselves
Producers
28
Type of biotic factor that gets food by feeding on other organisms
Consumers
29
What are the four types of consumers:
Herbivores (Plants) Carnivores (Meat) Omnivores (Plants & Meat) Detritivores (Dead Organisms)
30
Examples of Detritivores:
Earthworms Millipedes Dung beetles Crabs Sea cucumbers
31
Examples of Producers:
Plants Trees
32
Type of biotic factor that acquires nutrition from breaking down organic matter into organic compounds
Decomposers
33
Examples of Decomposers:
Fungi Insects Earthworms Bacteria Snails
34
Examples of Abiotic Physical Components:
Sunlight Solar Intensity Rainfall Temperature Wind speed Water availability Soil Texture
35
Examples of Abiotic Chemical Components:
Major Essential Nutrients: Carbon Nitrogen Phosphorus Potassium Micronutrients: Iron Zinc Copper Salt Toxic Substances: Pesticide
36
Examples of Limiting Factors:
Competitors Disease and Parasites Fires Available Habitat Predators
37
It is the Maximum number of Individuals of a species that an ecosystem can support
Carrying Capacity
38
What are the Five types of Interactions between organisms:
Competition & Predation Commensalism Parasitism Mutualism Amensalism
39
Type of interaction where one entity hunts another animal to suffice its nutritional requirements
Competition & Predation
40
Type of interaction where one entity benefits while the other is neither harmed nor benefited
Commensalism
41
Type of interaction when one entity benefits from other entities which is harmed, but not necessarily killed
Parasitism
42
Type of interaction where both species involved in the interaction are benefited
Mutualism
43
Type of interaction where one population finds itself in danger the other population is not majorly affected
Amensalism
44
Examples of Competition and Predation
Predation: Snake and Rats Orca and Seals Competition: Lions and Vultures Competition and Predation: Cheetah Lion
45
Examples of Commensalism:
Orchids growing in Branches Whales and Barnacles Sharks and Remora/Sucker Fish
46
Examples of Parasitism:
Fungi Leeches Tapeworm Fleas Lice
47
Examples of Mutualism:
Sea Anemones and Clownfish Flowers and Bees Humans and Bacteria
48
Examples of Amensalism:
Animal Stampede over a Field of Plants Grazing Cattle and Insects
49
Is the ultimate source of energy
Sun
50
It utilizes the sun’s energy
Plants
51
It is passed from producer to different consumers
Energy
52
Food Chain Cycle:
Sunlight - Producers - Primary consumers - Secondary consumers - Tertiary Consumers
53
Examples of Primary Consumers:
Insects Mice Cows Horses Butterflies Hare
54
Examples of Secondary Consumers:
Dogs Cats Owls Foxes Snakes Sardines Clown Fish
55
Examples of Tertiary Consumers:
Tuna Sharks Lions Hawks Foxes Eagles
56
It is a network of interconnected food chains, it comprises of all the food chains in a single ecosystem
Food Web
57
It is the primary producer in the marine environment
Phytoplankton
58
Functions of the Ecosystem:
Supports life systems Regulates ecological processes Cycles nutrients Cycles minerals through the biosphere Exchange of Energy Synthesis of Organic Components

Zoology Lecture Finals (6 decks)

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