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nursing science > Nervous system > Flashcards

Nervous system Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the function of the Nervous system?

A

Generation and interpretation of nervous impulses - Swift regulation of body activity by using nerve impulses.

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2
Q

What are the TWO main divisions of the Nervous system?

A

Central & Peripheral

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3
Q

What is the main function of the Central NS?

A

Analysis & storage of sensory information,
Decision making.

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4
Q

What is the main function of the Peripheral NS?

A

Detection of changes/stimuli using receptors in the body.

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5
Q

What does the Central NS consist of?

A

The brain & spine.

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6
Q

What does the Peripheral NS consist of?

A

43 pairs of Cranial & Spinal nerves

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7
Q

What are the TWO sub-divisions of the Peripheral NS?

A

Somatic & Autonomic.

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8
Q

What are the TWO sub-divisions of the Autonomic NS?

A

Sympathetic & Para-sympathetic.

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9
Q

What is the difference between an afferent and efferent impulses?

A

Afferent impulses are sent UP to the CNS by the PNS, while Efferent impulses are sent DOWN to the effector.

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10
Q

What are the TWO types of Nervous tissue?

A

Neurons & Neuroglia.

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11
Q

What is a Tract?

A

A bundle of axons in the CNS.

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12
Q

What is a Nerve?

A

A bundle of axons in the PNS, aswell as connective tissue and blood vessels.

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13
Q

What are the FOUR types of Neuroglia?

A

Astrocytes,
Microglia,
Ependymal cells,
Oligodendrocytes.

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14
Q

What is the function of an Astrocyte?

A

Physical support, brace and anchor of neurons,
Helps form the BBB,
Maintains the chemical environment for the generation of nerve impulses.

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15
Q

What is the function of an Microglia?

A

Functions as a phagocyte in the CNS.

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16
Q

What is the function of Ependymal cells?

A

Assist with production of CSF.
Form an epithelial layer that lines ventricles in the brain & spinal cord.

17
Q

What is the function of Oligodendrocytes?

A

Formation and maintenance of the Myelin sheath in the CNS.

18
Q

What is the function of the Sympathetic NS?

A

Responds to emergencies & the need for energy expenditure.

19
Q

What is the function of the Parasympathetic NS?

A

Restores & conserves body energy. Includes the 3 decreases.

20
Q

What is Dual innervation?

A

Body organs which receive both sympathetic & parasympathetic impulses.

21
Q

What is the function of a Mechanoreceptor?

A

Detection of stretch, pressure & touch.

22
Q

What is the function of a Chemoreceptors?

A

Detects chemical concentrations in the body.

23
Q

What is the function of a Thermoreceptor?

A

Detects temperature changes within the body.

24
Q

What is the function of a Nociceptor?

A

Detection of tissue damage & trauma.

25
Q

What is the function of Photoreceptors?

A

Detection of changes in light.
-Only found in the eye

26
Q

What is the function of Osmoreceptors?

A

Detection of osmotic pressure.

27
Q

What is the function of Proprioceptors?

A

Detection & sense of orientation of body parts.

28
Q

What is the definition of Sensation?

A

A conscious awareness of incoming sensory information.

29
Q

What is the definition of Adaptation?

A

A decrease of perception, even if the stimulus remains constant.

30
Q

What are the THREE neurons involved in pain pathways?

A

1st order neuron,
2nd order neuron,
3rd order neuron.

31
Q

What is the function of a 1st order neuron?

A

Carry signals from peripheral NS to the Spinal cord.

32
Q

What is the function of a 2nd order neuron?

A

Carry signals from the spinal cord to the thalamus.

33
Q

What is the function of a 3rd order neuron?

A

Carry signals from the Thalamus to the primary somatosensory area.

34
Q

What is the main difference between the Parasympathetic & Sympathetic NS?

A

The fibres of each division originate at different sites in the body.
-Sympathetic are thoracolumbar.
-Parasympathetic are Craniosacral.

nursing science (13 decks)

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