Nervous system

Question 1

A neuron or nerve cell

Answer 1

The most fundamental component of the brain and nervous system.

Question 2

Cell Body

Answer 2

The core and central structure of a neuron containing a nucleus and other specialized organelles that aid in nervous system function

Question 3

Axon

Answer 3

The thin, tail like structure of a neuron that generates and conducts nerve impulses

Question 4

Dendrites

Answer 4

Rootlike structures branching out of the cell body that receive and process signals from the axons of other neurons.

Question 5

Neurosecretory tissues

Answer 5

Translate neural signals into chemical stimuli. These tissues make neurohormones, hormones produced and released by nerve cells that are released into the bloodstream

Question 6

Nervous tissue

Answer 6

Tissue found in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves that coordinates body activities.

Question 7

Neuroglia

Answer 7

Cells in the brain and spinal cord that form a supporting structure for the neurons and provide them with insulation

Question 8

Neurosecretory tissues

Answer 8

Neurons that translate neural signals into chemical stimuli

Question 9

Decussation

Answer 9

The point of crossover of the nervous system in the vertebrates located between the medulla oblongata and the spinal cord

Question 10

Hypothalamus

Answer 10

The region at the base of the brain responsible for maintaining homeostasis

Question 11

Homeostasis

Answer 11

A self-regulating process by which the body maintains the stability of its physiological processes for the purpose of optimal function

Question 12

Sensory neurons

Answer 12

Nerve cells involved in communicating tactile, auditory or visual information

Question 13

Motor neurons

Answer 13

Nerve cells that initiate muscle contraction or activate glands

Question 14

Interneurons

Answer 14

Nerve cells that connect neurons to other neurons

Question 15

Frontal lobe

Answer 15

The brain lobe involved in motor control, emotion, and language

Question 16

Motor cortex

Answer 16

The region of the frontal lobe that plans and coordinates movement

Question 17

Prefrontal cortex

Answer 17

The part of the frontal lobe responsible for high level thinking and language

Question 18

Parietal lobe

Answer 18

The brain lobe involved in processing sensory information

Question 19

Somatosensory cortex

Answer 19

The region of the parietal lobe responsible for processing sensations such as pain, temperature, and touch

Question 20

Temporal lobe

Answer 20

The lateral lobe of the brain responsible for hearing, memory, and emotion

Question 21

Auditory cortex

Answer 21

The region of the temporal lobe responsible for hearing

Question 22

Occipital lobe

Answer 22

The posterior lobe of the brain responsible for vision

Question 23

Visual cortex

Answer 23

The specific region of the occipital lobe responsible for sight and visual perception

Question 24

Central nervous system (CNS)

Answer 24

The part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord; receives sensory input and organizes, analyzes, and processes neural information.

Question 25

Cerebrum

Answer 25

The uppermost and largest part of the brain consisting of a left and right hemisphere responsible for receiving and processing sensory information and controlling the body

Question 26

Cerebellum

Answer 26

The region of the brain responsible for conscious motor coordination

Question 27

Brain stem

Answer 27

The trunk of the brain, consisting of the medulla oblongata, pons and midbrain that continues downward to form the spinal cord

Question 28

Cerebral cortex

Answer 28

The part of the brain where most neural integration occurs

Question 29

Midbrain

Answer 29

The brain region responsible for motor movement and processing auditory and visual information

Question 30

Pons

Answer 30

The brain region responsible for posture, facial movement, and sleep

Question 31

Medulla oblongata

Answer 31

The base of the brain stem, responsible for involuntary functions such as swallowing, sneezing, and heart function.

Question 32

Thalamus

Answer 32

The brain region responsible for relaying sensory and motor signals regulating consciousness

Question 33

Spinal cord

Answer 33

The neural tissue extending from the medulla oblongata to the lumbar region (lower back) of the vertebral column that connect the body and the brain

Question 34

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Answer 34

The nerves and ganglia (relay areas of neerve signals) outside of the brain and spinal cord

Question 35

How are reflexes processed

Answer 35

Directly by the spinal cord (they do not travel to the brain)

Question 36

OF what neurons PNS consist of

Answer 36

Afferent and efferent neurons that are responsible for communication between the body and the brain

Question 37

Cranial nerves

Answer 37

The 12 sensory and motor nerves extending directly from the brain

Question 38

Spinal nerves

Answer 38

Bundles of nerves connected to the spinal cord carrying information toward periphery

Question 39

Efferent neurons (motor neurons)

Answer 39

Carry signals from the CNS to the muscles to generate movement

Question 40

Somatic nervous system

Answer 40

The part of the nervous system controlling voluntary movement

Question 41

Atonomic nervous system

Answer 41

The part of the nervous system responsible for involuntary functions and movement

Question 42

Sympathetic nervous sytem

Answer 42

The autonomic system responsible for fight or flight

Question 43

Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 43

The autonomic system responsible for rest and digest

Question 44

Internal stimuli

Answer 44

Sensory input form within the body

Question 45

External stimuli

Answer 45

Sensory input from exterrnal sources

Question 46

Mechanoreceptors

Answer 46

Nervous system receptors responding to mechanical stimuli such as sound or touch

Question 47

Tactile receptors ( part of Mechanoreceptors)

Answer 47

Collect and communicate sensations of touch

Question 48

Proprioceptors ( part of Mechanoreceptors)

Answer 48

Communicate the position of the body and movement

Question 49

Baroreceptors ( part of Mechanoreceptors)

Answer 49

Collect and communicate changes in blood pressure

Question 50

Proprioception

Answer 50

Perception or awareness of body movement or position in space

Question 51

Myelin sheath

Answer 51

The insulation of neuron axons made of proteins and fats, which propagates neural impulses

Question 52

Nerve impulses

Answer 52

The electrical signals used for nerve communication

Question 53

Sensory integration

Answer 53

The way the brain works to affect responses to neural input

Question 54

Motor function

Answer 54

Includes both voluntary and involuntary muscle contractions

Question 55

Motor unit

Answer 55

A single motor neuron and the muscle fibers it controls

Question 56

Motor unit pool

Answer 56

A group of motor units that work together

Question 57

Extrafusal muscle fibers

Answer 57

Fibers that cause muscle contraction and mechanical work

Question 58

Alpha motor neurons

Answer 58

Motor neurons originating in the brain stem and spinal cord that initiate muscle contraction

Question 59

Excitation-contraction coupling

Answer 59

The physiological process of converting a neural impulse into a mechanical response

Question 60

Action potential

Answer 60

An exposion of electrical activity caused by a neural impulse

Question 61

All-or-none principle

Answer 61

The principle stating the strenght of a neural electrical signal is independent of the magnitude of the stimulus so long as the neural threshold is achieved