Circulatory system

Question 1

Arteries

Answer 1

blood vessels carrying oxygenated blood away from the heart and to the tissues

Question 2

Veins

Answer 2

blood vessels carrying blood toward the heart to remove waste and pick up more oxygen

Question 3

Capillaries

Answer 3

fine-branching blood vessels forming a network between the arterioles and venules, where transport of nutrients and oxygen or carbon dioxide occurs on a microscopic scale

Question 4

Arterioles

Answer 4

the smaller branches of the arteries leading to the capillaries

Question 5

Venules

Answer 5

the small branches of the veins gathering blood from the capillaries

Question 6

Heart

Answer 6

The heart beats about 100,000 times per day.
For every minute of work, the heart pumps five (5) to six (6) quarts of blood around the body.

Question 7

Atrium

Answer 7

one of the two upper cavities of the heart passing blood to the ventricles. The plural is “atria.”

Question 8

Ventricle

Answer 8

one of the two lower cavities of the heart passing blood to the body or to the lungs

Question 9

Pulmonary arteries

Answer 9

blood vessels moving blood from the heart to the lungs

Question 10

Pulmonary veins

Answer 10

blood vessels returning oxygenated blood to the heart from the lungs

Question 11

Aorta

Answer 11

the main artery in the body that supplies oxygenated blood to the circulatory system

Question 12

Superior vena cava

Answer 12

the blood vessel moving blood from the upper body and head to the heart

Question 13

Inferior vena cava

Answer 13

the blood vessel moving blood from the lower body to the heart

Question 14

Atrioventricular (AV) valves

Answer 14

valves between the atria and ventricles preventing the backward flow of blood during cardiac contractions

Question 15

Sinoatrial (SA) node

Answer 15

the pacemaker of the heart that generates the first electrical signal of a heartbeat and stimulates the atria to contract

Question 16

Atrioventricular (AV) node

Answer 16

the nerve node between the right atrium and right ventricle that propagates the electrical signal from the SA node to more distal heart nerves that cause ventricular contraction

Question 17

Movement of blood through the circulatory system

Answer 17

deoxygenated blood from body > right atrium > tricuspid valve > right ventricle > pulmonary artery (to lungs) > pulmonary vein (oxygenated) from lungs > left atrium > bicuspid valve > left ventricle > aorta (to body for circulation)

Question 18

Blood cells types

Answer 18

Red Blood cells

White blood cells

Question 19

Red Blood cells

Answer 19

Erythrocytes: the most numerous of all blood cells (approx. 40 percent of blood volume) that transfer oxygen to the body tissues

Question 20

White blood cells

Answer 20

Basophil
Neutrophil
Eosinophil
Monocyte
Lymphocyte

Question 21

Basophil

Answer 21

a large white blood cell that locates and destroys cancerous cells and is responsible for the histamine response during an allergic reaction

Question 22

Neutrophil

Answer 22

the most numerous white blood cells responsible for the primary immune response of the ingestion or enzymatic digestion of foreign microorganisms

Question 23

Eosinophil

Answer 23

white blood cells that play a role in allergic reactions and immune defense against multicellular parasites

Question 24

Monocyte

Answer 24

an immune cell that helps remove dead or damaged tissues and provides support to the other types of white blood cells

Question 25

Lymphocyte

Answer 25

white blood cells that include natural killer cells, B cells, and T cells, which kill tumor cells, produce antibodies, and kill infected or cancerous cells, respectively

Question 26

Systole

Answer 26

the heartbeat phase where muscle contraction moves blood from the heart chambers to the arteries

Question 27

Diastole

Answer 27

the heartbeat phase where the cardiac muscle relaxes and the heart chambers fill with blood

Question 28

Stroke volume

Answer 28

the amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle of the heart in one contraction

Question 29

Heart rate

Answer 29

the number of heartbeats per minute
Average human resting heart rate is 60 to 100 beats per minute

Question 30

Pulmonary circulation

Answer 30

the blood flow between the heart and the lungs

Question 31

Systemic circulation

Answer 31

the blood flow between the heart and the rest of the body

Question 32

Cardiac cycle

Answer 32

the action of the heart from the start of one heartbeat to the beginning of the next

Question 33

Pulse

Answer 33

rhythmical throbbing of the arteries as blood is propelled through them

Measured at neck (carotid artery) or wrist (radial artery)

Question 34

Blood pressure

Answer 34

the force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries during the two phases of the cardiac cycle
‘Normal’ range blood pressure: 120/80 mm Hg

Question 35

Hypotension

Answer 35

low blood pressure measuring 90/60 mm Hg or lower

Question 36

Hypertension

Answer 36

high blood pressure measuring more than 140/90 mm Hg

Question 37

Systolic

Answer 37

the pressure in blood vessels when the heart beats (ventricular contraction)

Question 38

Diastolic

Answer 38

the pressure in blood vessels when the heart rests (ventricular filling)

Question 39

Factors influencing blood pressure

Answer 39

Cardiac output: how much blood the heart is pumping per minute
Blood volume: the total volume of blood contained in the circulatory system
Peripheral resistance of arteries: the elasticity (or lack thereof) of artery walls
Blood viscosity: the thickness of blood moving through circulation