Energy systems Flashcards
Cells
the building blocks of all living organisms
Organelles
tiny structures within cells, each with a unique function
Plasma membrane
the cellular membrane made of lipids and proteins that forms the external boundary of the cytoplasm and regulates the passage of molecules into and out of the cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
the viscous fluid inside a living cell excluding the nucleus
Phospholipid bilayer
the dual layer of lipids that make up the cell membrane of most human cells
Ribosomes
small cellular organelles involved in polypeptide and protein synthesis
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
a network of tubules attached to the nuclear membrane in cells
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
endoplasmic reticulum with ribosomes attached
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)
endoplasmic reticulum that lacks ribosomes
Golgi apparatus
an organelle of folded membranes responsible for packaging and transporting membrane-bound proteins
Glycoproteins
a class of proteins with at least one carbohydrate group attached
Lysosomes
an organelle filled with digestive enzymes that breaks down materials the cell has absorbed
Mitochondria (singular “mitochondrion”)
an organelle with a double membrane and many folds inside responsible for generating the chemical energy needed for biochemical reactions; the “powerhouse of the cell” where the aerobic processes the Kreb’s cycle electron transport chain occur.
Fatty acids
the smaller, absorbable building blocks of the fat that is found in the body
Gluconeogenesis
the generation of new glucose molecules from non-carbohydrate carbon substrates
