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Biology 12 > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

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1
Q

a neurotransmitter released in response to the parasympathetic NS. Puts you in a relaxed state.

A

Acetylcholine

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2
Q

The brain stem

A

medulla oblongata

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3
Q

the portion of the brain that is responsable for maintain hemeostasis

A

hypothalamus

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4
Q

the dorsal root looks Dif. than the ventral root due to the presence of an enlargement called the dorsal root ________.

A

ganglion

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5
Q

the void running down the central spinal cord

A

central canal

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6
Q

the dorsal root conducts nerve impulses _______ the spinal cord.

A

toward

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7
Q

shorter branches of a neutron which receive nerve impulses

A

dendrites

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8
Q

the _________ period occurs when sodium and potassium ions are being returned o their resting potential [ ].

A

refractory

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9
Q

during the resting potential, ________ is the most common ion inside the cell.

A

potassium

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10
Q

synaptic _______ contain the neurotransmitters within the axon ends

A

vesicles

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11
Q

during the resting potential, _______ is the most common ion outside of the cell

A

sodium

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12
Q

the ventral root conducts nerve impulses _______ from the spinal cord

A

away

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13
Q

another word for “sensory” neuron

A

afferent neuron

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14
Q

nerves are bundles of individual cells called _____.

A

neurons

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15
Q

components of the CNS

A

Brain , spinal cord

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16
Q

the coated portions of the axon are called ________

A

Schwann cells

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17
Q

another word for motor neuron

A

Efferent neuron

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18
Q

the voltage inside a neuron at resting potential is about _____

A

-70mv

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19
Q

axon _______ are located at the end of the axon

A

terminals

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20
Q

three protective membranes around the spinal cord

A

meninges:
inner - pia mater
middle - arachnoid
outside - dura mater

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21
Q

the space between the axon ends of one nerve cel and the dendrites of a neighbouring ell

A

synapses

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22
Q

the portion of the nervous system which produces the flight or fight response

A

sympathetic ns

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23
Q

breaks between myelinated sections of an axon

A

nodes of ranvier

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24
Q

the portion of the cerebrum responsable for thinking

A

frontal lobe

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25
Q

portion of cerebrum reponsable for vision

A

occipital lobe

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26
Q

chemical released to transmit a nerve impulse from one nerve cell to the next

A

a neurotransmitter

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27
Q

the portion of the nervous system which is involuntary

A

autonomie

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28
Q

after action potential, sodium and potassium are returned to their resting potential state by the process of ______

A

active transport

29
Q

the central part of neuron, most activities related to maintenance occur

A

cell body

30
Q

________ transmitters make post synaptic membrane more permeable to Na and thus more likely to produce an AP.

A

excitatory

31
Q

the stage of AP where Na ions begin to move into cell

A

depolarization

32
Q

a neurotransmitter released by the sympathetic ns to induce the fight or flight response

A

noradrenaline or norepinephrine

33
Q

______ neurone carry nerve cells away from cns

A

motor

34
Q

a type of neuron found in only the CNS

A

interneurons

35
Q

the portion of the cerebrum responsable for understanding speech

A

parietal lobe

36
Q

portion of NS which puts you in a more relaxed state

A

parasympathetic ns

37
Q

the stage of AP where potassium ions begin to move into the cell

A

repolarization

38
Q

the name given to the nerve impulse that passes a neuron

A

action potential

39
Q

the ________ NS contains all the nerves that affect the skeletal muscles

A

somatic

40
Q

portion of NS that is not the CNS

A

peripheral NS

41
Q

the portion of brain that receives all info from the senses and decides where to direct it (except for smell)

A

thalamus

42
Q

involuntary response which bypasses the brain

A

reflex

43
Q

substance that coats the axons of nerve cells

A

myelin

44
Q

part of brain responsible for conscious thought

A

cerebrum

45
Q

the master gland or where hormones get excreted from

A

pituitary gland

46
Q

this type of transmission occurs bus of the myelinated natural of an axon

A

saltatory transmission

47
Q

substances that break down neurotransmitters in hypnotic cleft after release.

A

enzymes

48
Q

the part of brain responsable for maintaining balance

A

cerebellum

49
Q

a horizontal section in brain that connect both sides

A

corpus callosum

50
Q

_______ transmitters make the post hypnotic cleft less permeable for Na and thus less likely to produce AP

A

inhibitory

51
Q

a lobe of cerebrum responsable for hearing and smelling

A

temporal lobe

52
Q

____ matter in the spinal cord contains mostly cell bodies

A

gray

53
Q

____ matter in the spinal cord contains mostly bundles of myelinated axons

A

white

54
Q

there are ____ pairs of _____ nerves.

A

31, spinal

55
Q

What forms the HINDBRAIN

A

Medulla Oblongata
Cerebellum

56
Q

What forms the FOREBRAIN

A

Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Corpus callosum

57
Q

Function of the medulla oblongata

A

“Brain stem” , controls heart beat, breathing BP, reflex reactions.
Primitive

58
Q

Function of the cerebellum

A

Controls balance and complex muscle movement, muscle coordination
receives sensory info from inner ear

59
Q

Function of thalamus

A

Info relay station
all info from body’s senses except for smell most be processed in thalamus b4 being sent to cerebral cortex for further processing.
regulates which info to pass or not

60
Q

Function of hypothalamus

A

Regulates hemeostasis
Regulates hunger, thirst, body temp, blood volume, pressure
controls pituitary gland

61
Q

Function of corpus callosum

A

Horizontal piece that connects both hemispheres of the brain
Transmits impulses between the two, each hemisphere has own memory

62
Q

Function of cerebrum

A

cerebrum as a whole contains 4 lobes

63
Q

Frontal lobe function

A

Conscious thought
Mouth and tongue movement
capacity to plan, organize, self-monitor and control

64
Q

Parietal lobe function

A

Speech production
Primary senses like touch, temp, pressure, pain. Understanding speech and using words

65
Q

Temporal lobe function

A

Hearing, smelling, interpretation of experiences, memory of visual scenes, music and complex sensory patters

66
Q

Why do reflexes by-pass the brain?

A

Due to reflex arc, adaptation for survival which is for faster actions. Activates motor neurons instead of delaying reaction time by signals having to first go to brain.

67
Q

Why do we have Myelin in our neurons

A

the sheath allows electrical impulses to transmit quickly and efficiently
Made out of fatty content and protein

68
Q

Common Inihibatory neurotransmitter

A

GABBA

69
Q

Common Excitatory neurotransmitter

A

Dopamine

Biology 12 (9 decks)

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