Digestive System Flashcards
Finger like projections that increase SA for absorption in small intestine
Villi
Chewed food lump which moves into stomach from esophagus
Bolus
Which organ produces bile?
Liver
Which organ stores bile?
Gall bladder
Enzyme that breaks down DNA and RNA into its separate components
Nucleotidase
Inactive form of trypsin
Trypsinogen
Small finger like projection that is located between large and small intestine. It is believed to store bacteria that help the function of the digestive system
Appendix
Small capillary of the lymphatic system. It is found in villi and it absorbs fat
Lacteals (lacteal duct)
Enzyme that works in the duodenum to digest maltose
Maltase
Gastric juice contains _______ and _______
HCl & pepsin
This gets digested into glycerol and fatty acids
Fats
Mucus lines the lining of the ________ to protect it from damage of the contents inside
Stomach
This substance is broken down by bile
Fats
What does bile do?
Breaks down or emulsifies fats into smaller droplets to increase SA and for easier digestion
Slurry of water and food in the stomach that goes into duodenum
Chyme
Which duct carries bile from the gall bladder to the duodenum?
The common bile duct
The folds of the wall of the stomach are called _______. They can stretch to hold 2 L of food !
Rugae
Liquid secreted into the mouth for digestion
Saliva
Which sphincter regulates amount of chyme that enters the duodenum ?
Pyloric
Which tube connects mouth to stomach
Esophagus
The esophagus and intestines move food along using rhythmic muscle contractions called
Peristalsis
Which structure contains feces before they are eliminated from body
Rectum
This hormone is secreted by pancreas and stimulates the liver to release stored glycogen to increase blood glucose levels
Glucagon
The structure responsible for the absorption of water after digestion process complete
Large int.
This hormones is secreted by pancreas and stimulates the uptake of glucose levels from the blood by cells
Insulin
Further increasing the SA, villi in the small int. contain
Micro Villi
Large sac in which digestion of protein begins
Stomach
Region at the back of throat where mouth and nasal cavity and the top of esophagus meet
Nasopharynx
Which enzyme breaks from disaccharides like cows milk
Lactase
Structure responsible for both the digestion and absorption of food nutrients
Small int.
Peptidase works where and what does it help digest
Small int. And helps digest peptides
Enzyme that passes through duodenum to break down starch
Pancreatic amylase
Flap of skin which covers internal nares during swallowing
Uvula
Organ that secretes several digestive enzymes into small int
Pancreas
How many sphincters does the average human have
2
Carbs and protein are absorbed into what bodily system?
Circulatory
Which vein takes nutrient rich blood from capillaries surrounding small int to the liver?
Hepatic portal vein
Fats are absorbed into what system of the body?
Lymphatic
Salivary ______ breaks down starch into maltose in mouth
Amylase
The first 25-30xm of small int is called________. Much of the chemical digestion occurs there
Duodenum
Another name for large int
Colon
_______ juice contains many enzymes including trypsinogen, lipase , and amylase
Pancreatic
Inactive form of enzyme pepsin
Pepsinogen
The _______ sphincter prevents backflow of the material from the stomach unit esophagus
Cardiac
This duct Carries pancreatic juice to common bile duct where the two join into the duodenum
Pancreatic duct
Open sore on the wall of stomach is called an
Ulcer
What is the main substance re-absorbed after digestion in large int?
Water
Enzyme that works for the duodenum to digest fats!
Lipase
Enzyme secreted by stomach to digest protein
Pepsin
Which enzyme is created by pancreas to break down rna and dna
Nuclease
Which enzyme works in duodenum to digest protein
Trypsin
Substance broken down by saliva
Starch
Secreted by stomach to breakdown food
Acid
List source gland, site of digestion and reaction of :
Salivary amylase
- salivary gland
- mouth
- starch into maltose (hydrolysis)
List source gland, site of digestion and reaction of :
Pancreatic amylase
- pancreas
- small int
- carbs, starch into maltose
List source gland, site of digestion and reaction of :
pepsin
- gastric glands
- stomach
- protein into smaller proteins
List source gland, site of digestion and reaction of :
trypsin
- pancreas
- small int, duodenum
- protein into smaller proteins
List source gland, site of digestion and reaction of :
lipase
- pancreas
- small int.
- fats into fatty acids and glycerol
List source gland, site of digestion and reaction of :
peptidase
1.pancreas and small int.
2. small int
3. breaks down proteins into smaller polypeptides or single amino acids
List source gland, site of digestion and reaction of : maltase
1.mucous membrane of inside of intestinal wall
2. small int
3. helps catalyze the hydrolysis of disaccharide maltose to simple sugars like glucos
List source gland, site of digestion and reaction of :
nuclease
1.pancreas
2. small int
3. nucleic acids DNA and RNA
List source gland, site of digestion and reaction of :
nucleotidase
- liver
- in bile, small int
- catalyzes hydrolysis of nucleotides
during digestion, proteins are broken down into _________. Carbs are broken down into _________, fat into ___________ and ________, and nucleic acids into ____________.
- amino acids
- simple sugars
- fatty acids and glycerol
- nucleotides
what is the optimal ph for trypsin ?
works in the small int. ph is alkaline, 8.5
optimal ph for salivary amylase
neutral, 7.0
