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Biology 12 > Enzymes & Homeostasis > Flashcards

Enzymes & Homeostasis Flashcards

1
Q

_______ glands secrete hormones directly into the blood

A

Endocrine

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2
Q

These glands secrete hormones into ducts.

A

Exocrine Glands

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3
Q

The protein portion of an enzyme is called the

A

Apoenzyme

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4
Q

This model considers the substrate and active site to be a perfect fit for eachother

A

Lock and key

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5
Q

Enlargement of the throat that can occur due to hypo or hyperthyroidism

A

Goiter

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6
Q

Homeostasis is

A

Maintaining internal environment of the body at EQ

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7
Q

Insulin is an example of a _______ hormone

A

Peptide

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8
Q

Every enzyme has an optimal _____ level al which it will work in the body. Value will depend where in the body the enzyme is

A

pH

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9
Q

Factor affecting the rate of chemical reaction

A

Temperature

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10
Q

Organic but non protein co-enzymes are often derived from these substances

A

Vitamins

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11
Q

In order to cool your body, blood vessels near the surface of skin will

A

Dilate

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12
Q

An _________ occurs to correct the situation when a receptor detects that conditions of the body are out of normal range

A

Adaptive response

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13
Q

All enzymes end in the ____ suffix

A

Ase

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14
Q

Enzyme activity can be greatly reduced when temp is too____. This is irreversible

A

Hot

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15
Q

Components of the body which detect light

A

Photo receptors

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16
Q

Increasing this factor will increase the rate of Chemical reaction

A

SA

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17
Q

All the body’s sensory receptor are connected to what system

A

Nervous

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18
Q

The portion of an enzyme that binds with the substrate

A

Active site

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19
Q

Co factors can belong to this group of substances

A

Metals

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20
Q

Components do the body which will detect chemical changes

A

Chemoreceptors

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21
Q

A ______ will increase the rate of a CR by lowering Ea

A

Catalyst

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22
Q

What happens to a protein when it’s shape is altered by exposure to heat or certain chemicals

A

It will denature

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23
Q

_______ _______ like mercury and lead can cause denaturation

A

Heavy metals

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24
Q

______ are chemical messengers which help cells communicate with eachother

A

Hormones

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25
A organic but non protein substance which plays a role in forming a functioning enzyme
Coenzyme
26
The combination of all chemical reactions that are occurring within an organism
Metabolism
27
Components of the body which detect blood pressure
Baroreceptors
28
Negative feedback _____ occurs when the increase in the product of an enzyme catalysed reaction causes the rate of that reaction to slow ….. by inhibiting that associated enzyme
Inhibition
29
The idea that the active sites modifies it’s shape as it forms around enzyme is called
Induced fit
30
The receptors for regulating body temp are located in this part of brain
Hypothalamus
31
The enzyme Maltase decomposes sugar ______
Maltose
32
The _______ energy is the amount of energy required to get a chemical reaction started
Activation
33
A solution with a higher ____ will provide a faster reaction rate than one with lower
Concentration
34
_______ feedback systems are very rare in humans, but present in breastfeeding and childbirth
Positive
35
Enzyme activity can be reduced when temp becomes too _____. Can be reversed
Cold
36
Enzyme catalyses the decomp of hydrogen peroxide
Catalase
37
Element required for production of thyroxin
Iodine
38
When body temp drops lower than normal, Brian may direct your body to start to _____ due to muscle contractions
Shiver
39
Blood pressure blood ph and blood glucose levels are all part of ______ feedback systems where the correction of the level leads to a slowing or ceasing
Negative
40
Enzymes require an additional substance called a _____ to function properly. They are typically inorganic ions of metals
Cofactor
41
These can detect temp changes in the body
Thermoreceptors
42
The term “metabolic ________” refers to a sequence of enzyme-catalyzed chemical reactions which are all linked to each other
Pathway
43
Metabolic rate is controlled by the hormone thyroxin which is produced in the _____ gland
Thyroid
44
A word used to describe a substance which will combine active site during reaction of an enzyme
Substrate
45
Lipid based hormones are composed of
Steroids
46
A biological catalyst is otherwise known as an
Enzyme
47
Many ______ are inhibitors that permanently bind to active sites and renders enzymes to bridle inactive
Poisons
48
4 ways to speed up a CR
Increase temp, SA, concentration and catalyst
49
Relationship between catalyst and enzyme
Catalysts for biochemical reactions that happen in living organism ls are called enzymes. Not all catalysts are enzymes though
50
Where does the enzyme pepsin function?
In the stomach
51
2 Enzymes that functions in the small intestines
Pancreatic lipase , trypsin
52
Where does the enzyme sucrase function?
Stomach
53
What do these break down ? Nuclease- Sucrase - Lipase - Pepsin - Trypsin -
Nuclease - DNA(nucleic acids) Sucrase - sugars (sucrose) Lipase - Lipids Pepsin - polypeptides Trypsin - polypeptides (proteins)
54
Which organelles in cells make enzymes/protein?
Ribosomes, located in the ER
55
Denaturing of proteins are caused by these 3 main factors
Temperature being too hot PH levels Exposure to acids, strong chemicals and heavy metals
56
What level of protein is an enzyme?
Tertiary
57
From which gland and what hormones are released in childbirth?
Posterior pituitary nerve gland , oxytocin
58
What does the hormone oxytocin do
It travels in the blood to the uterus and causes the uterus to contract , pushing fetus forward
59
How does the negative feedback system work
Stimulus = receptor will alert regulatory center in the brain = brain will send adaptive response to counteract stimulus
60
How does the thyroid gland provide a negative feedback system
Thyroid gland produces a peptide hormone called thyroxin, affects all body cells. Increases the rate of cellular respiration and thus one’s metabolic rate. Iodine is needed to make thyroxin. - Stimulus: thyroxin levels drop = RC:hypothalamus releases HRH , travels to anterior pituitary gland via duct. (Peptide hormone, endocrine) = Adaptive response: APG releases TSH into bloodstream, TSH binds to receptors on the plasma membrane of thyroid gland.
61
How does metabolism work
All the chemical reactions occurring within ur body are called metabolism. Cellular respiration and photosynthesis are usually part of a metabolic pathway. Metabolic pathway begins with a specific reactant and ends with an end product. A specific enzyme controls each step in the metabolic pathway.
62
Each Enzyme control ______ reaction only. Therefore they are _______ for that reaction.
One, specific
63
Will a reaction still occur if that enzyme in a metabolic pathway is missing?
No
64
How does the [] of substrates affect reaction rate
Adding substrates to an enzyme-catalyzed reaction will increase the reaction rate until all active sites are saturated (taken up). This means products are being produced at a constant rate. In this case, to increase the rate of activity, add more enzymes.
65
How does the [] of enzymes affect reaction rate.
Increase enzyme concentration will result in more products being made until all substrates are acted upon. In order to increase the rate in this case add substrate.
66
Symptoms of hyper/hypothyroidism
Hypo: constant fatigue, weight gain, decreased body temp, loss of hair, slower pulse rate, thick puffy skin. Goitre could be present Hyper: goiter, eyes to protrude, tissue fluid could accumulate in eye and cause double vision. Nervousness, insomnia and weight loss

Biology 12 (9 decks)

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