DNA & Protein Synthesis

Question 1

what is the final phase of translation and what happens?

Answer 1

termination - where the amino acid chain is released from the ribosome

Question 2

a gene mutation where a nucleotide is removed from a gene is called _______.

Answer 2

Deletion

Question 3

_______ bonds form between nitrogenous bases in DNA molecule

Answer 3

Hydrogen

Question 4

RNA is a _______ - stranded molecule

Answer 4

single

Question 5

transcription is ________.

Answer 5

the process of creating mRNA strand from a DNA molecule

Question 6

Shape of a DNA molecule

Answer 6

double helix

Question 7

any factor which can cause a mutation is called a

Answer 7

mutagen

Question 8

a substitution is……

Answer 8

a mutation where nucleotide is replaced with another diff nucleotide

Question 9

DNA strand reads GATGGCTCA, the complementary DNA strand would read

Answer 9

CTACCGAGT

Question 10

rRNA is responsible for what?

Answer 10

most abundant, 2rRNA subunits make a protein to from ribosome. This is known as the ribosomal RNA and assists in protein synthesis by reading mRNA codon.

Question 11

process of DNA making copies of itself

Answer 11

replication

Question 12

first phase of translation,
mRNA and tRNA join up and make small ribosomal subunit is called a

Answer 12

initiation

Question 13

DNA is found in the ____ of euk cells

Answer 13

nucleus

Question 14

many ribosomes can be translating a single mRNA strand at the same time, these subunits are called

Answer 14

polysomes/polyribosomes

Question 15

what is RNA polymerase

Answer 15

an enzyme that is responsible for copying a DNA sequence into an RNA sequence, during the process of transcription. (adds nucleotides)

Question 16

a nitrogenous base with a single ring structure

Answer 16

pyrimidines

Question 17

a nitrogenous base with a double ring structure

Answer 17

purines

Question 18

proteins that associate with DNA to form chromosomes

Answer 18

histones

Question 19

enzyme that “unzips” the DNA strand during replication

Answer 19

helicase

Question 20

DNA subunit made up of three components

Answer 20

Nucleotide

Question 21

three letter sequence on tRNA that is complementary to an mRNA codon

Answer 21

anticodon

Question 22

tRNA is ….

Answer 22

transfer RNA, and delivers amino acids to the ribosomes

Question 23

a change to the base-pair sequence of a DNA molecule

Answer 23

mutation

Question 24

chromosomal mutation where a piece of chromosome is flipped

Answer 24

inversion

Question 25

proteins made up of chains of _______ _______strung together.

Answer 25

amino acids

Question 26

mRNA is....

Answer 26

type of RNA that brings the instructions from DNA molecule to the ribosomes

Question 27

DNA is made up of repeating subunits thus reffered to as a

Answer 27

polymer

Question 29

replication of the DNA molecule is considered to be a ________ process because each daughter strand contains half "old DNA" and half "new DNA

Answer 29

semiconservative

Question 30

the reading of an mRNA strand by a ribosome to mare a protein is called

Answer 30

Translation

Question 31

UV liant and X ravs are examples of __________mutagens

Answer 31

Radiation

Question 32

HPV is an example of a _______ mutation

Answer 32

Viral

Question 33

A _______ mutation affects only one gene

Answer 33

Somatic

Question 34

a gene mutation where a nucleotide is inserted into a gene

Answer 34

Addition

Question 35

a chromosomal mutation where a piece of one chromosome is transtered to another chromosome

Answer 35

Translocation

Question 36

RNA contains one nitrogenous base not found in DNA Called ____

Answer 36

Uracil

Question 37

a nitrogenous base with a single ring structure

Answer 37

pyrimidines

Question 38

completed proteins are sent to the _ for final processing and packaging

Answer 38

Golgi apparatus

Question 39

benzene and dioxins are examples of _______ mutagens

Answer 39

Chemical

Question 40

a chromosomal mutation where a portion of a chromosome repeats itself is called _______

Answer 40

Duplication

Question 41

a mutagen that causes cancer is called a

Answer 41

Carcinogen

Question 42

mutations occur in the gametes or early on in embryological development are called

Answer 42

Germinal

Question 43

bonds form between adjoining amino acids

Answer 43

Peptide

Question 44

acids the number of purine bases will alwavs equal the number of pyramidine bases according to

Answer 44

Chargaffs rule

Question 45

the amino acid chain is released from the ribosome when a stop codon signals for a _______ _________ to enter the ribosome

Answer 45

Release factor

Question 46

a small, circular piece of DNA that can be used to transfer DNA from one species to another species

Answer 46

Plasmid

Question 47

A _______ mutation affects many genes because large portions of chromosomes are altered

Answer 47

Chromosomal

Question 48

addition and deletion mutations can cause devastating effects because they cause a _________ where all codons downstream of the mutation are altered

Answer 48

Frame shift

Question 49

the second phase of translation where the amino acid chain grows is called

Answer 49

Elongation

Question 50

if the DNA strand read GATCCTAA, the mRNA strand transcribed from it would read

Answer 50

CUAGGAUU

Question 51

strong _______ bonds form between the sugar and phosphates to form the backbone of the molecule

Answer 51

Covalent

Question 52

the three letter sequence on mRNA that codes for an amino acid

Answer 52

Codon

Question 53

_______ mutations occur in cells after birth

Answer 53

Somatic

Question 54

during transcription, the _____ strand of the DNA molecule is used to code for the mRNA molecule

Answer 54

Sense

Question 55

Does the non-sense strand get used when DNA unzips?

Answer 55

No