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Biology 12 > Biochemistry > Flashcards

Biochemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

A polymer made up of many amino acids joined together

A

A polypeptide

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2
Q

A fatty acidd which has no double bonds between carbon atoms is called

A

Saturated fatty acid

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3
Q

Soap is one type of _______, which are substances that help break large fat droplets into small fat droplets to help them mix with water.

A

Emulsifier

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4
Q

A nucleic acid which is single stranded

A

RNA

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5
Q

This process breaks bonds between subunits in organic polymers

A

hydrolysis

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6
Q

the carbohydrate that makes up the cell walls of plants

A

cellulose

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7
Q

Another name for fat

A

Lipid

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8
Q

The storage form of carbohydrate in plants

A

starch

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9
Q

Acidity is created by an excess of _______ ions in a solution.

A

hydrogen

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10
Q

heavy _____ can alter the three dimensional shape of a protein.

A

metals (Ag, Hg and Pb)

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11
Q

A nucleotide is made up of a _____, a pentose, and a nitrogenous base.

A

phosphate

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12
Q

A ph above 7.0 is considered_____.

A

Basic

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13
Q

This element, common in living organisms, can form up to four bonds with other substances.

A

Carbon

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14
Q

Forms when two glucose molecules are joined together

A

Maltose (disaccharide)

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15
Q

______ are lipids which contain four rings in their chemical structure

A

Steroids

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16
Q

A nucleic acid with a double helix shape

A

DNA

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17
Q

______ bonds are strong

A

Covalent

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18
Q

A six carbon sugar is called

A

a hexose

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19
Q

the subunit which makes up nucleic acids

A

nucleotide ( made up of a sugar molecule, either RNA or DNA, attached to a phosphate group and a nitrogen-containing base)

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20
Q

a five carbon sugar is called

A

a pentose

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21
Q

Level of protein structure that can be either an alpha helix or beta pleated sheet

A

secondary structure

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22
Q

A ph below 7 is considered

A

acidic

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23
Q

a carb made up of many subunits

A

a polysaccharide

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24
Q

A fatty acid which contains at least one double bond between carbon atoms is called ______.

A

Unsaturated fatty acid

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25
Q

This level of protein structure is the sequence of amino acids that make up the protein

A

primary structure

26
Q

how many different kinds of amino acids exist?

A

twenty

27
Q

Carbs help provide us with

A

energy

28
Q

a special kind of nucleotide which is used to transmit energy within living organisms

A

ATP

29
Q

Compounds which are primarily made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen are called ______.

A

Organic compounds

30
Q

a ph of 7 is considered

A

neutral

31
Q

a protein’s three dimensional shape is extremely important in order for it to ___ properly.

A

function

32
Q

______ are a type of lipid that make up a significant portion of the cell membrane.

A

phospholipids

33
Q

water is a good solvent bcs its molecules are______, having a slight positive and negative charge

A

polar

34
Q

a disaccharide formed when a glucose and fructose come together

A

sucrose

35
Q

a carb made up of only one subunit

A

monosaccharide

36
Q

process which creates bonds between subunits in organic polymers

A

dehydration synthesis

37
Q

excessive ______ can cause a protein to lose its three dimensional shape

A

heat

38
Q

the term for a protein losing its three dimensional shape is called

A

denaturation

39
Q

the subunit that makes up polypeptides

A

amino acids

40
Q

the 2:1 ratio of hydrogen and oxygen is a characteristic of a

A

carbohydrate molecule

41
Q

a neutral fat that contained glycerol and only ONE fatty acid chain would be called a ______glyceride.

A

mono

42
Q

a substance which helps hold the ph of a solution relatively constant is called a

A

Buffer

43
Q

A carb made up of two subunits

A

disaccharide

44
Q

the measure of acidity or alkalinity of a substance

A

pH

45
Q

hydrogen bonds are known to be _____.

A

weak

46
Q

level of protein structure when two or more proteins join each other to form a larger protein structure

A

Quaternary

47
Q

a molecule made up of two amino acids joined together

A

dipeptide

48
Q

this level of protein structure occurs when the protein begins to fold upon itself creating 3D shape

A

tertiary

49
Q

the storage form of carb storage in animals

A

glycogen

50
Q

NCC is the sequence of three atoms which is the characteristic of what?

A

An amino acid

51
Q

what is a polymer?

A

large molecules (macromolecules) that are multiple of simpler chemical units. Making big molecules from smaller ones

52
Q

what is a peptide?

A

strings of amino acids ( building blocks of proteins) linked by peptide bonds

53
Q

What is an emulsifier?

A

a substance that stabilizes an emulsion, used to stabilize processed foods.
Breaks down fat

54
Q

The type of carbohydrate used in our cells

A

Glucose

55
Q

What is an emulsion?

A

An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (unmixable or unblendable) owing to liquid-liquid phase separation.

56
Q

Proteins are made of _______

A

Amino acids

57
Q

What is polymerization

A

The process to create polymers

58
Q

Proteins are made out how many amino acids?

A

50-75

59
Q

Most enzymes are in what level of protein structure ?

A

Tertiary

60
Q

Types of denaturation

A

Heat, ph, heavy metals

61
Q

What is a nucleotide ?

A

Nitrogen in a ring, Pentose, phosphate
Building base of nucleic acid

62
Q

C12H22O11 is ________.

A

Maltose

Biology 12 (9 decks)

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