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caps 390 > nervous system > Flashcards

nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

neurons

A

50% of cells in nervous system
- excitable, neurotransmission

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2
Q

general function of nervous system

A
  • detect + analyze sensory input
  • coordination
  • learning
  • interacting with environment
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3
Q

CNS

A

brain + spinal cord

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4
Q

PNS

A

all nerves, motor/sensory info

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5
Q

pre-central gyrus

A

1* motor cortex
- limbs medial, face lateral

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6
Q

post-central gyrus

A

1* sensory cortex
- limbs medial, face lateral

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7
Q

association cortices

A

make up most of cortical mantle
- integrate between brain regions -> cognition

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8
Q

grey matter

A

cell bodies

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9
Q

white matter

A

myealinated nerve fibers

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10
Q

dorsal horn

A

sensory

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11
Q

ventral horn

A

motor

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12
Q

dorsal root ganglion

A

sensory neuronal cell bodies (PNS to CNS)

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13
Q

dendrites

A

receptive, conduct impulse to cell body
- mitochondria, SER, MTs, neurofilaments
- NO golgi

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14
Q

soma

A

nucleus, golgi, RER
Nissl body: RER
- Nissl stain reacts with acids

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15
Q

axon

A

conductive, sends impulses away from cell body
- mitochondria, MTs, and SER
- NO RER

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16
Q

microtubules

A

in axons and dendrites
- anterograde: load and transport vesicles to axon terminals
- retrograde: reuptake and recycle NT material to cell body

transport of mitochondria, proteins, structural components

17
Q

synaptic transmission

A
  1. vesicle loading near cell body
  2. vesicle transport w MT
  3. depolarization
  4. fusion/exocytosis
  5. NT binding
  6. Depolarization
18
Q

glia

A

non-conducting, but enhance transmission
- structural support
- provide nutrients for growth and maintenance
- immune function
- biochemical (regulate AP velocity)

19
Q

heavy myelination

A

less leaky + energy consuming
- impulse propagation more efficient (nodes) and faster
- somatic motor neurons
- acute pain sensory neurons

20
Q

moderate or un-myelinated

A

leak Na+ ions
- channels must open along entire length (inefficient)
- slow
- autonomic motor neurons
- chronic pain sensory neurons

21
Q

multiple sclerosis

A

loss of myelin (autoimmune)

22
Q

myelinating schwann cells

A

PNS, produce myelin sheath

23
Q

unmyelinating schwann cells

A

PNS, axon maintenance and repair
- can have multiple nerve axons nearby

24
Q

oligodendrocyte

A

CNS, produce myelin
- can contact >60 axons

25
Q

microglia

A

shield neurons from injury
- extend and retract processes to sites of injury
- stimulated by chemoattractants

26
Q

protoplasmic and fibrous astrocytes

A

scavenge ions, supply nutrients to neurons
- contact blood vessels
- secrete factors with either barrier-promoting or barrier-disrupting properties (BBB)

27
Q

brain homeostasis

A

capillary neural endothelium
ependymal cells

28
Q

capillary neural endothelium

A

tight lining of blood vessels
- BBB
- continuous tight junctions
- restrict large molecules

can pass: lipid-soluble, astrocyte processes, membrane-bound pumps for water-soluble molec (CSF)

29
Q

ependymal cells

A

lining of brain
- synth + secrete CSF into ventricular system
- part of BBB

30
Q

ventricular system

A

contains CSF
- 4 cavities

31
Q

cerebrospinal fluid

A

liquid cushion, contains nutrients and NTs
- within 3rd and 4th ventricle, the choroid plexus prod CSF
- tight junctions between epithelial cells control fluid release

32
Q

choroid plexus

A

produces CSF
- ependymal cells of 3rd + 4th ventricles and capillaries (tela choroidea)
- separates blood from CSF (BBB)

33
Q

CSF circulation

A
  • ions, water, organic molec filter out of CP capillaries into ISF, then into CP epithelium (active transport)
  • CSF secreted into ventricles
34
Q

meninges

A

dura mater (outside), arachnoid mater, subarachnoid space (CSF), pia mater

caps 390 (13 decks)

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