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caps 390 > lymphoid system > Flashcards

lymphoid system Flashcards

1
Q

atherosclerosis

A

Plaque forms in lamina propria, facilitated by excess LDL
- Macrophages engulf LDL, turn into foam cells
- Inflammation attacking foam cells
- Narrowing of vessel

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2
Q

innate immunity (speed, specificity, initiated and facilitated by which cells?)

A
  • rapid
  • non-specific elimination of pathogens
  • Initiated: neutrophil, macrophage phagocytosis
    • complement and TLRs also rapidly initiate innate resp
  • Facilitated: granulocytes
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3
Q

adaptive immunity (speed, specificity, mediated by which cells?)

A
  • Slow
  • specific epitopes targeted (antigens)
  • Mediated: B and T cells
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4
Q

complement proteins

A

Rapidly initiate innate resp
- Plasma proteins, prod in liver
- released into c. tissue when bl vessel is injured
- bind to pathogen lipids/carbs
- bind to macrophage/neutrophil receptor

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5
Q

TLRs

A

Rapidly initiate innate resp
- Surf on macrophages and neutrophils
- recognize various pathogen molecs non-specifically (bacteria, yeast, viruses)

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6
Q

Inflammation (where it can occur, signs in histology, how are WBCs recruited?)

A

Strong innate resp in c. tissue
Many WBCs in c. tissue (basophilic nuclei, blue)
- WBCs (granulocytes and agranulocytes) recruited with cytokines and APCs

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7
Q

cytokines

A

Interleukins: released by macrophages and neutrophils
Interferons: released by NK cells
- Attract WBCs
- WBCs exit blood by diapedesis

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8
Q

Antigen presenting cells

A

Dendritic, monocytic, macrophage cells
- present Ags to lymphocytes
- Also exit blood by diapedesis

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9
Q

diapesis/extravasation

A

Adhesion + migration of leukocytes across post-capillary venule wall to enter c. tissue
- leukocytes tether and roll along endothelium via selectins
- Strong adhesion and migration via integrins

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10
Q

dendritic cells

A

Bridge innate and adaptive resp
- Derived from monocytes/macrophages in tissues
- Digest foreign proteins + carbs
- present digested bits to lymphocytes

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11
Q

primary lymphoid organs

A

Site of lymphocyte prod
- B cells: BM
- T cells: BM + thymus

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12
Q

secondary lymphoid organs

A

Sites of lymphocyte activation w foreign pathogens
- Lymph nodes
- MALT
- Spleen

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13
Q

lymph nodes

A

In lymph vascular flow
- CT capsule (dense, irregular) and trabeculae
- Reticular CT (collagen III) stroma
- Enter via afferent lymphatics, exit via efferent lymnphatics
- Cortex: B cells, incl germinal centers (where B cells get activated)
- Paracortex: T cells

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14
Q

mucosa associated lymphoid tissue

A

Sub-epithelial lymphoid aggregates in mucosal CT
- No CT capsule, not in lymph flow
- Lamina propria of GI, respiratory, genitourinary tracts
- B + T cell activation
- blood vessels + efferent lymphatic

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15
Q

spleen

A

Activates lymphocytes (white pulp, basophilic) and destroys aged blood cells (red pulp, eosinophilic)
- CT capsule, not in lymph flow
- Reticular fibers (collagen III)
- central arteriole supplies blood to venous sinusoids
In white pulp: germinal center and PALS

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16
Q

B cell initial development

A

In BM: lymphocytes proliferate and restrict lineage to B-lymphocytes (all clones)

17
Q

pre-B cell formation

A

In BM: Single set of Ig genes is rearranged, inserted into plasma membrane => naive pre-B cell

18
Q

B cell screening

A

In BM: If Ig interacts with self-Ag in BM, apoptosis occurs

19
Q

B cell activation

A

naive B cells leave BM via venous sinusoids, activated by Ags in 2* lymphoid organs
- When activated, produce soluble Igs

20
Q

T cell initial development

A

In BM: lymphocytes proliferate and restrict lineage to T-lymphocytes (all clones), migrate to thymus

21
Q

pre-T cell formation

A

In thymus: Single set of TCR genes in rearranges, inserts into plasma membrane
- Can recognize single, specific antigen presented by APCs
- naive pre-T cell

22
Q

T cell screening

A

In thymus: if pre-TCR interacts w self-Ag presented by APCs, apoptosis

23
Q

T cell activation

A

Naive T cells leave thymus via post-capillary venules (extravasation) at corticomedullary junction
- activated by APCs in 2* lymph organs

24
Q

Trabeculae/Septae

A

Dense irregular c. tissue capsule of thymus, demarcated lobules

25
Q

thymic cortex

A

In each lobule,
- Basophilic (blue) cortex
- Developing T cells

26
Q

thymic medulla and hassall’s corpuscules

A

In each lobule,
- Eosinophilic (pink) medulla
- Pink Hassall’s corpuscules
- Clusters of reticular epithelial cells (net like formation)
- Produce cytokines (thymopoietin) for T cell development

27
Q

post-capillary venules

A

In thymus at corticomedullary junction
- No blood-thymus barrier
- T-lymphocytes enter thymus here
- naive T cells exit thymus here

28
Q

Epithelial reticular cells

A

Surround continuous capillaries to protect developing T cells in thymus (blood-thymus barrier)

29
Q

lymph vascular system

A

Moves lymph from CT to venous system
- Begins as lymphatic capillaries, empties into subclavian veins at root of neck

30
Q

lymphatic capillaries

A

Blind ended, one way flow tissue -> capillary
- Clefts between endothelial cells to facilitate movement in/out (no tight junctions)

31
Q

lymph fluid

A

Lymph interstitial fluid (plasma-like), antigens, lymphocytes, APCs

32
Q

collecting lymph vessels

A

continues from lymphatic capillaries
- Thin walled tunica intima, media, and adventitia
- Tunica intima forms one-way valves in direction of flowing back to venous system

33
Q

movement of lymph through lymph node

A

Lymph fluid: afferent vessel -> cortex -> paracortex -> medulla -> efferent vessel
B + T cells: enter and exit via post-capillary venules in paracortex

34
Q

plasma b cells

A

secrete Abs

35
Q

memory b cells

A

initiate rapid 2* response

36
Q

LN cortex

A

B cell activation (germinal centers)

37
Q

LN paracortex

A

T cell activation

38
Q

marginal zone (spleen)

A

between red and white pulp
- D cells present Ags to lymphocytes
- Macrophages destroy bad/old RBCs

39
Q

Periarterial lymphatic sheath (PALS)

A

T cell zone in spleen’s white pulp

caps 390 (13 decks)

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