Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

IPHY 3410 - Exam 3 > Nervous system > Flashcards

Nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

Nervous system property

A

All cells are naturally charged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Nervous tissue

A

Uses electrical charge for rapid communication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Nervous system function (1)

A

Receive sensory input (monitor changes inside/outside of the body)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Nervous system function (2)

A

Integration (processes and interprets sensory input)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Nervous system function (3)

A

Motor output (causes a response by activating effector organs (muscle or gland))

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Central nervous system (CNS)

A

Brain and spinal cord make decisions, send directions for motor output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

A

Nerves and ganglia control how sensory input and motor output travel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Regional divisions of PNS

A

Spinal and cranial nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Spinal nerves

A

Nerves that transmit signals to and from spinal cord (also connected to spinal ganglia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cranial nerves

A

Nerves that transmit signals to and from brain (also connected to cranial ganglia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Functional divisions (ALL CONNECTED)

A

Afferent (sensory) and efferent (motor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Afferent

A

Carries impulses to CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Somatic sensory pathways (AFFERENT)

A

Monitors external environment, skin, body wall, limbs (needle puncturing skin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Visceral sensory pathways (AFFERENT)

A

Monitors visceral organs (when stomach feels empty)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Efferent

A

Carries impulses to effector organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Somatic motor pathways (usually voluntary)

A

To skeletal muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Visceral motor pathways (involuntary) OR autonomic nervous system

A

To smooth, cardiac muscle and glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

(efferent) Sympathetic

A

“fight or flight” = use energy (organs all react at same time and work together)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

(efferent) Parasympathetic

A

“rest and digest” = obtaining energy (digestion and body maintenance)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Neurons

A

Nerve cells (not only found in nerves)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the function of a neuron?

A

Rapid transmission and integration of signals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are neurons specialized for conducting?

A

Electrical impulses (communication)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Can neuron cells divide after birth?

A

No but new neurons can be generated from stem cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the anatomy of a multipolar neuron?

A

Has cell body (SOMA) which contains nucelus, RNA, and proteins are produced there.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Does a multipolar neuron contain dendrites?

A

Yes, dendrites receive signals from other neurons and send signals to cell body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are axons?

A

Nerve fibers (long and skinny) that receive signals from axon hillock of cell body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Axon terminals

A

Transmit signal to other neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Myelin sheath

A

Made of glial cells, insulates axons from each other, speed up signal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Nodes of ranvier

A

Gaps in myelin sheath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Multiple sclerosis

A

Autoimmune disease of CNS that makes body attack its own myelin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What happens when the body attacks its myelin?

A

Damaged myelin = inflammation and body attacks axon = damaged myelin and axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Synapse

A

Site of neuron-neuron communication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Are synapse communications chemical or electrical?

A

Most are chemical using neurotransmitters that diffuse across synaptic cleft but some are electrical through gap junctions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What are the types of neurons that are functionally classified?

A

Sensory (afferent) neurons, motor (efferent) neurons, interneurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Sensory neurons

A

Carry signal TO CNS, make up sensory division of PNS, axon terminal is typically in CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Motor neurons

A

Carry signal FROM CNS TO EFFECTOR, make up the motor division of PNS, cell body is typically in CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Interneurons

A

Between sensory and motor neurons, found entirely within CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What are the types of neurons that are structurally classified?

A

Multipolar, bipolar, and unipolar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Multipolar

A

Many processes (many dendrites, 1 axon), most neurons are multipolar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Bipolar

A

1 axon, 1 fused dendrite, found in some sensory organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Unipolar

A

Typically sensory neurons, receptive endings (NO DENDRITES), axon with peripheral and central processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Support cells (neuroglia) properties

A

Don’t send nervous signals, may outnumber neurons, continue dividing throughout life

43
Q

What kind of cells become sick with brain cancer?

A

Tumors of glial cells = gliomas

44
Q

What are the type of support cells found in the CNS only?

A

Oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells

45
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

Forms myelin sheath, wraps around axon (like tendon sheath)

46
Q

Astrocytes

A

Must abundant, wraps around capillaries, controls environment around neurons

47
Q

Microglia

A

Immune cells, attack pathogens and break down dead cells, protect tissue

48
Q

Ependymal cells

A

Lines fluid-filled cavities, on top of brain or spinal cord tissue

49
Q

What type of support cells are found in the PNS only?

A

Schwann cells, satellite cells

50
Q

Schwann cells

A

Forms myelin sheath, wrapped around axon/insulating cover

51
Q

Satellite cells

A

Regulates environment around neuron cell bodies

52
Q

Nerve

A

Group of axons traveling together in the PNS

53
Q

What does the nerve anatomy consist of?

A

Endoneurium, perineurium, epineurium, fascicle

54
Q

Endoneurium

A

Surrounds axon

55
Q

Perineurium

A

Surrounds each subgroup of axons

56
Q

Epineurium

A

Wraps around outside of nerve (epi=outside)

57
Q

Fascicle

A

Subgroup of axons

58
Q

Each ____ contains the axons of many _____

A

Nerve, neurons

59
Q

Axons are also called _____

A

Nerve fibers

60
Q

Why do nerves carry signals in both directions?

A

Because contain neurons oriented in both directions (exception is cranial nerves)

61
Q

Ganglion

A

Collection of neuron cell bodies in the PNS

62
Q

Gray and white matter

A

Two general types of nervous tissue in the CNS

63
Q

White matter

A

Myelinated axons

64
Q

Gray matter

A

Everything else (un-myelinated axons, dendrites, cell bodies)

65
Q

Tract

A

Collection of axons traveling together INSIDE THE CNS (white matter)

66
Q

Nucleus

A

Collection of neuron cell bodies in the CNS (gray matter)

67
Q

Brain complexity

A

100 billion neurons, many synapses per neuron

68
Q

What is fluid-filled at a 4 week old embryo?

A

Neural tube

69
Q

What are the three primary brain vesicles?

A

Prosencephalon (forebrain), mesencephalon (midbrain), and rhombencephalon (hindbrain)

70
Q

What is spina bifida?

A

When the neural tube fails to close completely

71
Q

What does spina bifida result in?

A

Potential partial paralysis and risk of infection

72
Q

What are the secondary brain vesicles?

A

Forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain

73
Q

Forebrain includes

A

Telencephalon and diencephalon

74
Q

Midbrain includes

A

MeSencephalon

75
Q

Hindbrain includes

A

MeTencephalon and mYelencephalon

76
Q

What are the brain structures at birth? (rostral to caudal)

A

Telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon, metencephalon, myelencephalon, brain stem

76
Q

Diencephalon

A

Fully formed brain region

76
Q

Telencephalon

A

Cerebrum

77
Q

Mesencephalon

A

Midbrain (top of brainstem)

78
Q

Metencephalon

A

Pons and cerebellum (where they meet)

79
Q

Myelencephalon

A

Medulla oblongata

80
Q

Brains stem

A

Midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

81
Q

What is the ventricular system?

A

Fluid-filled cavities

82
Q

Where are the lateral ventricles?

A

In cerebrum

83
Q

Where is the third ventricle?

A

In diencephalon

84
Q

Where is the cerebral aqueduct

A

In midbrain

85
Q

Where is the fourth ventricle?

A

Between pons, cerebellum, medulla oblongata

86
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

A

Fluid that fills ventricles

87
Q

What does CSF do?

A

Cushions brain and transports nutrients, wastes, other chemicals

88
Q

What is the choroid plexus?

A

Found in all 4 ventricles, produces in the CSF

89
Q

What does the choroid plexus contain?

A

Contains capillaries which produce CSF by filtration and ependymal cells which modify CSF

90
Q

What is the circulation of CSF? Blood to blood

A

(Propelled by cilia of ependymal cells) Produced in lateral ventricles to 3rd ventricle to cerebral aqueduct to 4th ventricle

91
Q

Meninges

A

3 layers of CT surrounding the CNS

92
Q

What do the meninges do?

A

Protect the CNS, contains a portion of the CSF

93
Q

Dura mater

A

Outer layer “tough mother”, functions as a vein

94
Q

What layers are in the dura mater?

A

Periosteal layer (outer) and meningeal layer (inner)

95
Q

Dural sinus

A

Space between these layers that carries blood

96
Q

Arachnoid mater

A

Middle layer “spidery mother”

97
Q

What is in the arachnoid mater?

A

Subarachnoid space which contains CSF and large blood vessels

98
Q

Pia mater

A

Inner layer “gentle mother”

99
Q

What does the pia mater do?

A

Carries small blood vessels to nervous tissue

100
Q

After the 4th ventricle in CSF circulation blood to blood, what comes next?

A

4th ventricle to apertures to subarachnoid space to arachnoid villi to dural sinuses (combines with blood from veins) to internal jugular veins back to heart

101
Q

Where will some of the CSF go?

A

4th ventricle to central canal of spinal cord to apertures etc…

IPHY 3410 - Exam 3 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions