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IPHY 3410 - Exam 3 > Digestive system > Flashcards

Digestive system Flashcards

1
Q

Liver function (1)

A

Process nutrients in blood (ex: glucose)

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2
Q

Liver function (2)

A

Makes blood proteins

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3
Q

Liver function (3)

A

Stores fat-soluble vitamins

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4
Q

Liver function (4)

A

Metabolizes poisons and drugs

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5
Q

Liver function (5)

A

Produces bile

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6
Q

What are liver functions performed by?

A

Hepatocytes

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7
Q

What is bile made up of?

A

Cholesterol, bile salts, bilirubin

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8
Q

What are biles functions?

A

Excrete bilirubin, emulsify fat

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9
Q

Where do the vessels in your upper right abdomen connect?

A

On visceral side (posterior)

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10
Q

Hepatic veins

A

Carry blood away, back to heart

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11
Q

Porta hepatis

A

Region where other vessels connect to liver

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12
Q

Common hepatic duct

A

Carries bile OUT of liver

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13
Q

Hepatic arteries

A

Blood with oxygen FROM lungs INTO liver

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14
Q

Hepatic portal vein

A

Going INTO liver

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15
Q

Where do sugars and amino acids absorbed by blood capillaries go?

A

Directly into liver via hepatic portal vein

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16
Q

Where do lipids absorbed by lacteals of lymphatic system go?

A

Bypass liver and enter blood of veins near heart

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17
Q

Liver lobules

A

Hexagonal unit with plates of hepatocytes

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18
Q

What does each lobule contain?

A

Central vein, portal triad, liver sinusoids, and bile canaliculi

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19
Q

Central vein

A

Delivers blood to hepatic veins

20
Q

Portal triad

A

Group of 3 vessels (portal arteriole, portal venule, bile duct)

21
Q

Portal arteriole

A

Branch of hepatic artery that supplies oxygen to liver cells

22
Q

Portal venule

A

Branch of hepatic portal vein that brings nutrients from digestive tract to storage and processing

23
Q

Bile duct

A

Carries bile from hepatocytes out of liver

24
Q

Liver sinusoids

A

Leaky capillaries that help blood get to central vein

25
Q

How do liver sinusoids work?

A

Plasma flows onto hepatocytes by way of fenestrations and also contains hepatic macrophages

26
Q

Bile canaliculi

A

Between hepatocytes (bile getting to bile duct)

27
Q

Jaundice

A

Yellowing of the skin and mucosae

28
Q

What causes jaundice?

A

Due to excess bilirubin through body tissues, liver failure, hepatitis

29
Q

Pathway of blood (heart)

A

Heart to hepatic artery to portal arteriole to sinusoid to central vein to hepatic vein

30
Q

Pathway of blood (intestines etc.)

A

Intestines etc. to hepatic portal vein to portal venule to sinusoid to central vein to hepatic vein

31
Q

What surface of the liver is the gallbladder on?

A

Visceral/posterior surface

32
Q

What are functions of the gallbladder?

A

Stores and concentrates bile, releases bile to duodenum when stimulated

33
Q

Is the gallbladder essential for survival?

A

No

34
Q

What is the pathway of bile flow in gallbladder in between meals?

A

Liver to bile ducts to common hepatic duct to common bile duct to cystic duct to gallbladder

35
Q

What is the pathway of bile flow in gladder when stored bile is released to emulsify fats?

A

Gallbladder to cystic duct to common bile duct to duodenum

36
Q

Gallstones

A

Mainly cholesterol crystals

37
Q

What takes over the storage function if the gallbladder is removed?

A

Common bile duct

38
Q

Where is the pancreas located?

A

Posterior to stomach

39
Q

Pancreatic duct

A

Empties into lumen of duodenum

40
Q

Pancreas function (1)

A

Exocrine secretions are released into lumen of duodenum

41
Q

Which cells secrete most of the body’s digestive enzymes?

A

Acinar cells

42
Q

What does the epithelium of small ducts do?

A

Secrete bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid

43
Q

Pancreas function (2)

A

Endocrine secretions are released into blood

44
Q

What do pancreatic islet cells do?

A

Secrete insulin and glucagon

45
Q

What are insulin and glucagon?

A

Hormones controlling storage of glucose and its release into the blood

46
Q

Where is somewhere insulin and glucagon might do this?

A

Liver

IPHY 3410 - Exam 3 (6 decks)

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