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Human body and Microbial science > Nervous system > Flashcards

Nervous system Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

State the main functions of the nervous system

A

The nervous system is responsible for all behaviours, memories and movements. The nervous system helps to maintain homeostasis

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2
Q

A nerve is a bundle of many….

A

neurons

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3
Q

State two functions of the myelin sheath

A

To form an insulating cover (myelin) around many neutrons which helps to increase the speed of nerve impulse conduction

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4
Q

Outline the events that occur at a neuromuscular junction when an impulse arrives at the axon terminal

A

1 - impulse arrives at axon terminal
2 - neurotransmitter (NT) is released from secretory vesicles
3 - NT crosses gap/synapse to receptors on muscle fibres
4 - muscles fibre is stimulated to contract
5 - NT is recycled back into the axon terminal

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5
Q

Name the mineral that is required for nerve impulse transmission

A

Sodium and potassium

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6
Q

What are the two divisions of the nervous system

A

1 - The central nervous system
2 - The peripheral nervous system

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7
Q

What does the CNS consist of

A

Brain and spinal cord

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8
Q

What does the PNS consist of

A

Cranial nerves and spinal nerves

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9
Q

How many pairs of cranial nerves and spinal nerves are there?

A

Cranial nerves = 12
Spinal nerves = 31

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10
Q

The effector for the somatic nervous system is

A

skeletal muscles

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11
Q

Effectors for the automatic nervous system are

A

Cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and glands

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12
Q

What is another word for sensory neurons?

A

afferent

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13
Q

What is another word for motor neurons?

A

efferent

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14
Q

State the function of the sensory (afferent) neuron

A

Conduct impulses from receptors to the CNS

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15
Q

State the function of the motor (efferent) neurons

A

Conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to muscles (to control their contraction) and to glands (to control their secretions)

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16
Q

What is a reflex

A

A reflex is a rapid, predictable sequence of involuntary actions that occur in response to a particular stimulus

17
Q

List the components of a reflex arc from stimulus to response

A

1 - sensory (afferent) receptor
2 - sensory neuron
3 - integrating centre
4 - motor (efferent) neuron
5 - effector

18
Q

State the three main regions of the brain

A

Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Brain stem

19
Q

state the functions of the cerebrum

A

Sensory awareness, initiates voluntary (conscious) motor activities, Analyses information for thinking, learning etc, stores memories

20
Q

State the functions of the cerebellum

A

Provides smooth, coordinated skeletal muscle movements.
Regulates posture and maintains balance subconsciously

21
Q

State the functions of the brain stem

A

Has centres for control of bone activities for survival
Cardiac (heartbeat), respiratory (breathing) and vasomotor (blood vessel diameters)

22
Q

Name the four main lobes of the cerebrum

A

Parietal
Occipital
Temporal
Frontal

23
Q

State the function of the frontal lobe

A

Contains motor cortex for control of skeletal muscle movements
Process emotions related to personal and social interactions
Problem solving

24
Q

State the function of the temporal lobe

A

Smell, hearing and taste

25
Q

State the function of the parietal lobe

A

contains primary sensory cortex
Conscious awareness of sensations

26
Q

State the function of the occipital lobe

A

Visual cortex

27
Q

What is the meninges

A

3 membranes between the brain and skull. Protect the brain, anchor it to the skull, act as a shock absorber

28
Q

What is the function to cerebrospinal fluid circulating in the meninges?

A

Provides physical and chemical protection

29
Q

Name some infections that seriously affect the nervous system.

A

viral meningitis - viral
Rabies - viral
Tetanus - bacterial
Leprosy - bacterial
Fungal meningitis - fungal
Amoebic meningitis - protozoan

30
Q

List three ways microbes could gain access to the nervous system

A

Nasal colonisation (respiratory droplet transmission)
Invasion of blood stream
Damage to the meninges (head injury, young age (neonatal))

31
Q

Why are infections of the nervous system very serious?

A

The nervous system controls EVERYTHING

32
Q

What is the link between the nervous system and the endocrine system?

A

The hypothalamus has both nervous and endocrine tissues.
The hypothalamus (region of the brain) influences the pituitary gland (endocrine gland) to release its hormones.

33
Q

Provide an example of the anterior pituitary stimulating the hypothalamus to release its hormones

A

Human growth hormone (HGH) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

34
Q

Provide an example of the posterior pituitary stores releasing hormones made by the hypothalamus

A

Oxytocin (OT) and Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Human body and Microbial science (16 decks)

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