Introduction to microbiology

Question 1

List the chain of infection in order

Answer 1

Infectious agent, Reservoir, Portal of exit, Mode of transmission, Portal of entry, Susceptible host

Question 2

What is a standard precaution

Answer 2

A standard precaution is designed to prevent transmission of all infectious agents. It is a number of particular things that health professionals will follow when someone comes in with illness, offering protection to HCW and other patients.

Question 3

List some key safety measures taken as part of standard precautions

Answer 3

Hand hygiene
Use of PPE
Waste management
Routine environmental cleaning

Question 4

What are the key functions of a prokaryote cell?

Answer 4

DNA is not enclosed within a membrane, and is one continuous loop of chromosome.
Don’t have membrane bound organelles - no lysosomes, mitochondria, Golgi bodies or endoplasmic reticulum.
Cell walls contain peptidoglycan
Cells multiply (reproduce) by ‘binary fission’

Question 5

What is binary fission

Answer 5

The DNA is copied and the cell splits into two cells

Question 6

What are the key functions of a eukaryote cell?

Answer 6

DNA is in nucleus, enclosed in the nuclear membrane
DNA is found in multiple chromosomes
There ARE membrane enclosed organelles - mitochondria, ER, Golgi complex, lysosomes and sometimes chloroplasts
No cell walls in animal or protozoa cells
Cells divide by a process called mitosis which is more complex than binary fission

Question 7

Pathogenic

Answer 7

Causing or capable of causing disease

Question 8

Beneficial

Answer 8

Producing good results or helpful effects

Question 9

Opportunists

Answer 9

can live and thrive in variable environmental conditions. Behaviourally sufficient

Question 10

Bacteria cells

Answer 10

Have no true nucleus
DNA is a single continuous loop
Bacteria have no membrane bound organelles
Divide by binary fission