Glossary

Question 1

Abuction

Answer 1

The movement of a limb or other part away from the midline of the body or from another part

Question 2

Acrosome

Answer 2

unique membranous organelle located over the anterior part of the sperm nucleus

Question 3

Allele

Answer 3

A varient form of a gene

Question 4

Alveoli

Answer 4

Tiny air sacs located at the end of the respiratory tract in the lungs

Question 5

Antigen

Answer 5

Any substance causing immune system to produce antibodies against it

Question 6

Atrophy

Answer 6

Decrease in size or wasting away of a body part or tissue

Question 7

Autosomes

Answer 7

One of the numbered chromosomes as opposed to the sex chromosomes

Question 8

Bile

Answer 8

A fluid made and release by the liver and stored in the gallbladder

Question 9

Bronchioles

Answer 9

Air passages inside the lungs

Question 10

Cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 10

clear, colourless liquid that fills and surrounds the brain and spinal cord and provides a mechanical barrier against shock

Question 11

compact bone

Answer 11

forms the hard, dense outer layer of bones throughout the human body

Question 12

dendrites

Answer 12

The retrieving or input portions of a neutron

Question 13

diaphragm

Answer 13

Major muscle of respiration

Question 14

dorsiflexion

Answer 14

The action of raising the foot upwards towards the shin

Question 15

Effectors

Answer 15

a bodily tissue, structure or organ that becomes active in response to stimulation

Question 16

Emulsification

Answer 16

A process where one liquid being dispersed as small spherical droplets in a second immiscible liquid

Question 17

Epidermis

Answer 17

Protective outer layer of the skin

Question 18

Epiglottis

Answer 18

leaf shaped flap of tissue that sits beneath the tongue at the back of the throat

Question 19

Fertilisation

Answer 19

Process of combining male gamete with the camel gamete

Question 20

Formed elements

Answer 20

cells and cell fragments suspended in the plasma

Question 21

Gamete

Answer 21

A reproductive cell of an animal or plant

Question 22

Genetics

Answer 22

The study of how genes and how traits are passed down from one generation to the next

Question 23

Homeostasis

Answer 23

Any self-regulating process by which an organ tends to maintain stability while adjusting to conditions that are best for its survival

Question 24

Hormones

Answer 24

Chemical substances that act like messenger molecules in the body

Question 25

Hypertrophy

Answer 25

excessive development of an organ or part

Question 26

Innate immunity

Answer 26

The body’s first line of defence against germs entering the body

Question 27

Keratinocytes

Answer 27

A cell of the epidermis that produces keratin

Question 28

latent

Answer 28

existing in hidden or dormant form

Question 29

ligament

Answer 29

tough bonds of tissue that hold your bones together at your joints

Question 30

lymph

Answer 30

collection of extra fluid that drains from cells and tissues in your body and isn’t reabsorbed into your capillaries

Question 31

melanin

Answer 31

a substance present in the skin that produces pigment

Question 32

meninges

Answer 32

Three layers of membranes that cover and protect the brain and the spinal cord

Question 33

myelin sheath

Answer 33

Insulating layer, or sheath that forms around servers including those in the brain and spinal cord

Question 34

Nephrons

Answer 34

Basic structural and functional unit of the kidney

Question 35

Neuroglia

Answer 35

A class of cells in the brain and spinal cord that form a supporting structure for the neuron’s and provide them with insulation

Question 36

Neuron

Answer 36

Structural and functional unit of the nervous system, nerve cells

Question 37

Oogenesis

Answer 37

The process of formation of female gametes

Question 38

Periosteum

Answer 38

Sheath outside bones which supply them with blood, nerves and the cells that help them grow and heal

Question 39

Peristalsis

Answer 39

Involuntary contraction and relaxation of longitudinal and circular muscles throughout the digestive tract

Question 40

Physiology

Answer 40

The study of how the human body works

Question 41

Plantarflexion

Answer 41

Motion of pointing the foot downwards

Question 42

Plasma

Answer 42

Superheated matter - so hot that the electrons are ripped away from the atoms forming an ionised gas

Question 43

Reflex

Answer 43

Involuntary action or automatic action that your body does in response to something

Question 44

Reflex arc

Answer 44

neurological and sensory mechanism that controls a reflex

Question 45

Sebum

Answer 45

Fatty lubricant matter secreted by sebaceous glands of the skin

Question 46

semilunar valves

Answer 46

paired valves of the heart at the bases of the aorta and the pulmonary artery

Question 47

Spongy bone

Answer 47

lies beneath compact bones and is much lighter and less dense than compact bones

Question 48

synapse

Answer 48

small gap at the end of a neutron that allows a signal to pass from one neuron to the next

Question 49

Tendon

Answer 49

A cord of strong, flexible tissue, similar to a rope

Question 50

Tissue

Answer 50

Group of cells that have similar structure and that function together as a unit

Question 51

Transverse plane

Answer 51

Passes through the middle of the body and divides the body into horizontal upper and lower halves

Question 52

Vasoconstriction

Answer 52

The narrowing of blood vessels by small molecules in their walls

Question 53

Venules

Answer 53

Any of the small branches of a vein that receives oxygen - depleted blood from the capillaries and returns it to the heart via the venous system

Question 54

Zygote

Answer 54

Fertilised egg cell that results from the union of a female gamete with a male gamete