Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A&P > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Multipolar Neurons

A

Motor & CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Unipolar Neurons

A

Sensory (PNS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Bipolar

A

special senses (eyes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Function of nervous system

A

transmits signals between the brain and the rest of the body, including internal organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Organs of nervous system

A

Nerves, brain, spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which cells of the nervous system send and receive signals?

A

Neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

synapse

A

Site of communication between neuron and target cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What type of substances can cross the cell membrane and how do they cross the cell
membrane?

A

Diffusion and exostosis and endotosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When is a neuron resting and generating the resting membrane potential?

A

When it is not sending or receiving signals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where are chemically gated channels located?

A

on the dendrites and cell body of the neuron.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where are the voltage-gated channels located?

A

on the axon hillock, all along unmyelinated axons, and at the nodes of Ranvier in myelinated axons.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

function of Cerebrospinal fluid

A

It gives buoyancy to the CNS structures, protecting them from trauma as well as nourishing the brain and carrying chemical signals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Refractory period

A

an action potential is in progress, another one cannot be initiated.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

absolute refractory period

A

another action potential will not start. This is because of the inactivation gate of the voltage-gated Na+ channel. Once the Na+ channel is back to its resting conformation, a new action potential could be started during the hyperpolarization phase, but only by a stronger stimulus than the one that initiated the current action potential.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

continuous conduction

A

Propagation along an unmyelinated axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

saltatory conduction

A

propagation along the length of a myelinated axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

neuropeptide

A

a neurotransmitter molecule made up of chains of amino acids connected by peptide bonds; essentially a mini-protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Biogenic amines

A

a group of neurotransmitters that are enzymatically made from amino acids.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

metabotropic receptor

A

involves a complex of proteins that result in metabolic changes within the cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

effector protein

A

an enzyme that catalyzes the generation of a new molecule, which acts as the intracellular mediator, or the second messenger.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

graded potentials

A

Local changes in the membrane potential away from resting levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

excitatory postsynaptic potential (epsp)

A

Depolarization in a postsynaptic potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP)

A

Hyperpolarization in a postsynaptic potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Depolarization

A

Increase in membrane potential (due to Na+ voltage gated channels opening)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Repolarization

A

Decrease in membrane potential (due to K+ voltage gated channels opening)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Hyperpolarization

A

Further decrease in membrane potential past resting membrane potential (due to K+ voltage gated channels remaining being opened)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Trigger zone

A

The first section of an axon capable of producing an action potential. Contains many voltage gated sodium and voltage gated potassium channels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What factors affect the velocity of an action potential?

A

Diameter of the axon, whether axon is myelinated, temperature

30
Q

stroke

A

Loss of bloodflow to part of the brain

31
Q

ischemic stroke

A

the loss of blood flow to an area because vessels are blocked or narrowed

32
Q

hemorrhagic stroke

A

bleeding into the brain because of a damaged blood vessel.

33
Q

basal nuclei

A

responsible for cognitive processing, the most important function being that associated with planning movements

34
Q

basal forebrain

A

contains nuclei that are important in learning and memory

35
Q

limbic cortex

A

the region of the cerebral cortex that is part of the limbic system, a collection of structures involved in emotion, memory, and behavior.

36
Q

thalamus

A

a collection of nuclei that relay information between the cerebral cortex and the periphery, spinal cord, or brain stem

37
Q

hypothalamus

A

a collection of nuclei that are largely involved in regulating homeostasis.

38
Q

hypothalamus

A

a collection of nuclei that are largely involved in regulating homeostasis.

39
Q

What protects the brain?

A

Three layers of membranes known as meninges protect the brain and spinal cord. The delicate inner layer is the pia mater. The middle layer is the arachnoid, a web-like structure filled with fluid that cushions the brain. The tough outer layer is called the dura mater.

40
Q

What is the difference between white matter and gray matter?

A

White matter: axons or neurons
Grey matter: cell bodies

41
Q

Where must information reach for complete, conscious awareness?

A

the cerebral cortex

42
Q

diencephalon function

A

primary relay and processing center for sensory information and autonomic control

43
Q

There are two cerebral hemispheres – what separates them?

A

a longitudinal fissure

44
Q

What is the cerebral cortex

A

Outer layer of brain, gray matter

45
Q
A

red: primary motor cortex, motor association area
orange: primary somatosensory area, sensory association area
yellow: primary visual area and visual association area
green: primary auditory area, auditory association area

46
Q

What cells make CSF?

A

ependymal cells

47
Q

What is the blood-brain barrier and why does it exist?

A

a structural and functional roadblock to microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, viruses or parasites, that may be circulating in the bloodstream

48
Q

What is the major function of the thalamus?

A

All information from your body’s senses (except smell) must be processed through your thalamus before being sent to your brain’s cerebral cortex for interpretation. Your thalamus also plays a role in sleep, wakefulness, consciousness, learning and memory

49
Q

What are some very important functions of the hypothalamus?

A

helps manage your body temperature, hunger and thirst, mood, sex drive, blood pressure and sleep, homeostasis

50
Q

broca’s area (frontal lobe)

A

responsible for the production of language, or controlling movements responsible for speech;

51
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

comprehension of speech.

52
Q

aphasia

A

a disorder that affects how you comunicate

53
Q

association fibers

A

same hemisphere

54
Q

commisural fibers

A

connect an area in one hemisphere with an area in the opposite hemisphere.

55
Q

projection fibers

A

connects the cortex with other areas in the CNS

56
Q

conus medullaris

A

end of spinal cord

57
Q

cauda equina

A

The nerves that extend down from the spinal cord

58
Q

what anchors the conus medullaris to the coccyx

A

filum terminale

59
Q

astrocytes

A

maintaining the concentration of chemicals in the extracellular space, removing excess neurotransmitters, reacting to tissue damage, and inducing to the blood-brain barrier (BBB).

60
Q

oligodentrocytes

A

wraps myelin arms around many axons in CNS

61
Q

schwann cells

A

one cell wraps itself around axon creating myelin sheath (PNS)

62
Q

microglia

A

defend brain from invaders

63
Q

ependymal cells

A

CSF homeostasis, brain metabolism, clearance of waste, make CSF

64
Q

satellite cells

A

maintain extracellular environment, remove neurotransmitter, direct neural growth (PNS)

65
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are in humans?

A

31

66
Q

Through which vertebral structures do spinal nerves emerge?

A

posterior (doral) horn ,anterior (ventral) horn,

67
Q

Lateral horn

A

autonomic motor neurons

68
Q

ventral root

A

somatic motor neurons

69
Q

dorsal root

A

sensory neurons

70
Q

What happens to spinal nerves/neurons when they enter a plexus?

A

nerve fibers from different spinal nerves are sorted and recombined, so that all fibers going to a specific body part are put together in one nerve.

A&P (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions