Muscles Flashcards
Synergists
two (or more) muscles perform the same action
Antagonist
the muscle that is relaxing or lengthening
Agonist
Prime mover
The muscle that is contracting
Tendon
flexible but inelastic cord of strong fibrous collagen tissue attaching a muscle to a bone.
aponeuroses
the tendons of flatter, broader muscles (large sheets)
Orgin
generally the point of attachment on the body that does not move when the muscle is activated
Insertion
usually the point of attachment that does move.
deep fascia
a dense connective tissue that is commonly arranged in sheets that form a stocking around the muscles and tendons beneath the superficial fascia
muscle fiber
muscle cell
myofibrils
long filaments that run parallel to each other to form muscle (myo) fibers
Parellel muscles
have fascicles that are arranged in the same direction as the long axis of the muscle
Fusiform
have a larger central region called a muscle belly tapering to tendons on each end
Convergent
has a widespread expansion over a sizable area and the fascicles come to a single, common attachment poin
Pennate
blend into a tendon that runs through the central region of the muscle for its whole length, somewhat like the quill of a feather with the muscle fascicles arranged similar to the feathers
Power lever
the effort arm is longer than the load arm,
Speed lever
the load arm is longer than the effort arm,
slow oxidative fibers
contract relatively slowly and use aerobic respiration (oxygen and glucose) to produce ATP.
fast oxidative fibers
have relatively fast contractions and primarily use aerobic respiration to generate ATP
fast glycolytic fibers
have relatively fast contractions and primarily use anaerobic glycolysis
slow oxidative function
maintaining posture, producing isometric contractions, and stabilizing bones and joints.
fast glycolytic function
produce rapid, forceful contractions associated with quick, powerful movements.
fast oxidative function
used primarily for movements, such as walking, that require more energy than postural control but less energy than an explosive movement.
glycolysis
a glucose molecule will get modified to two pyruvate molecules
krebs cycle or citric acid cycle
high-energy molecules, including ATP, NADH, and FADH2, are created. NADH and FADH2 then pass electrons through the electron transport chain in the mitochondria to generate more ATP molecules
