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Medical Terminology > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

sends messages to brain via nerves; eyes, ears, nose, skin

A

sensory system

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2
Q

cephal/o

A

head

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3
Q

cerebr/o, encephal/o

A

brain

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4
Q

cerebell/o

A

cerebellum

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5
Q

crani/o

A

head, skull

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6
Q

mening/o, meningi/o

A

meninges

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7
Q

dur/o

A

dura mater

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8
Q

neur/o

A

nerves

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9
Q

myel/o

A

spinal cord, bone marrow

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10
Q

esthesi/o

A

sensation, feeling

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11
Q

phas/o

A

speech

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12
Q

phren/o, psych/o

A

mind

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13
Q

gnosi/o

A

know

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14
Q

-mania

A

excessive desire

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15
Q

-phobia

A

excessive fear

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16
Q

-paresis

A

partial paralysis

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17
Q

-plegia

A

complete paralysis

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18
Q

inability to speak

A

aphasia

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19
Q

difficulty speaking

A

dysphasia

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20
Q

disturbed state of mind that results in confused thinking

A

delirium

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21
Q

decline in mental function

A

dementia

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22
Q

nerve weakness

A

neurasthenia

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23
Q

fainting, losing consciousness due to temporary loss of blood flow to the brain

A

syncope

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24
Q

head pain

A

cephalalgia

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25
Q

nerve pain

A

neuralgia

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26
Q

complete loss of sensation and movement

A

paralysis

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27
Q

fear of heights

A

acrophobia

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28
Q

fear of outdoor spaces

A

agoraphobia

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29
Q

fear of water

A

hydrophobia

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30
Q

desire to steal

A

kleptomania

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31
Q

desire to set fire

A

pyromania

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32
Q

a tumor-like mass made up of blood

A

hematoma

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33
Q

hematoma located on top of the dura

A

epidural hematoma

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34
Q

hematoma located beneath the dura

A

subdural hematoma

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35
Q

hematoma located inside the brain

A

intracerebral hematoma

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36
Q

using an x-ray to create cross section images of internal body structures

A

computerized tomography (CT) scan

37
Q

imaging of internal body structures

A

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

38
Q

inserting a needle into the lumbar region of the spine in order to collect spinal fluid

A

lumbar puncture (LP), spinal tap

39
Q

procedure used to examine the electrical activity of the brain

A

electroencephalography (EEG)

40
Q

image of the spinal cord using an x-ray

A

myelogram

41
Q

procedure used to examine blood vessels in the brain

A

cerebral angiography

42
Q

imaging procedure that uses radiation (positrons) to produce cross sections of the brain

A

positron emission tomography (PET) scan

43
Q

imaging blood vessels

A

magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)

44
Q

hernia of the brain

A

encephalocele

45
Q

hernia of the meninges

A

meningocele

46
Q

inflammation of nerves

A

neuritis

47
Q

nerve that carries impulses toward the CNS, sensory

A

afferent nerves

48
Q

nerve that carries impulses away from the CNS, motor

A

efferent nerves

49
Q

doctor who specializes in treatment of the mind

A

psychiatrist

50
Q

doctor who specializes in study of the mind

A

psychologist

51
Q

pertaining to the relationship between the body and the mind

A

psychosomatic

52
Q

an accident involving the blood vessels of the brain

A

cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

53
Q

a stroke that occurs when a blood vessel ruptures

A

hemorrhagic stroke

54
Q

a stroke that occurs when blood flow is interrupted to a part of the brain

A

ischemic stroke

55
Q

“mini-stroke” caused by the blockage of a blood vessel, which resolves within 24 hours

A

transient ischemic attack (TIA)

56
Q

abnormal accumulation of spinal fluid in the brain

A

hydrocephaly

57
Q

inflammation of the brain

A

encephalitis

58
Q

disease of the brain

A

encephalopathy

59
Q

inflammation of the meninges

A

meningitis

60
Q

inflammation of the spinal cord

A

myelitis

61
Q

disease of the nervous system

A

neuropathy

62
Q

inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord

A

poliomyelitis

63
Q

eating disorder characterized by the patient’s refusal to eat

A

anorexia

64
Q

eating disorder characterized by overeating and usually followed by forced vomiting or other compensatory behaviors

A

bulimia

65
Q

manic depression

A

bipolar

66
Q

a mind condition that involved some sort of break with reality

A

psychosis

67
Q

a mental illness characterized by delusions, hallucinations, and disordered speech

A

schizophrenia

68
Q

psychiatric disorder characterized by withdrawal from communication with others; the patient is only focused on the self

A

autism

69
Q

paralysis caused by damage to the area of the brain responsible for movement

A

cerebral palsy

70
Q

a disease marked by seizures

A

epilepsy

71
Q

a disease characterized by sudden, uncontrollable sleepiness

A

narcolepsy

72
Q

removal of a lobe of the brain

A

lobectomy

73
Q

removal of a piece of skull

A

craniectomy

74
Q

incision into the skull

A

craniotomy

75
Q

removal of a nerve

A

neurectomy

76
Q

destruction of nerve tissue

A

neurolysis

77
Q

removal of plaque/blockage in an artery

A

endarterectomy

78
Q

reconstruction of a nerve

A

neuroplasty

79
Q

suturing of a nerve

A

neurorrhaphy

80
Q

drug that causes loss of sensation

A

anesthetic

81
Q

one time injection that numbs a small area of the body

A

local anesthetic

82
Q

controlled unconsciousness

A

general anesthetic

83
Q

drug that opposes convulsions

A

anticonvulsant

84
Q

drug that opposes psychoses

A

antipsychotic

85
Q

drug that lessens anxiety

A

anxiolytic

86
Q

local anesthetic injection in lower back to block pain from contractions during labor

A

epidural

87
Q

drug that lessens anxiety

A

anxiolytic

88
Q

drug that lessens anxiety

A

anxiolytic

Medical Terminology (10 decks)

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