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Medical Terminology > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

signal makers and senders of the endocrine system

A

glands

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2
Q

directs activity of the pituitary gland to release hormones

A

hypothalamus

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3
Q

makes hormones that affects metabolism and controls calcium levels

A

thyroid gland

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4
Q

sends hormones that help balance blood sugar levels

A

pancreas

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5
Q

fight or flight hormone, secreted by adrenal gland, medulla

A

adrenaline, epinephrine

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6
Q

male hormone

A

testosterone

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7
Q

female hormone

A

estrogen

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8
Q

aden/o

A

gland

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9
Q

adren/o, adrenal/o

A

adrenal gland (kidney)

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10
Q

pancreat/o

A

pancreas

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11
Q

pituitar/o, hypophys/p

A

pituitary gland

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12
Q

thym/o

A

thymus

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13
Q

thyr/o, thyroid

A

thyroid

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14
Q

stimulates outer part of adrenal gland

A

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

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15
Q

stimulates thyroid gland

A

thyrotropin, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

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16
Q

stimulates gonads

A

gonadotropin, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

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17
Q

growth hormone made by pituitary gland

A

prolactin

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18
Q

hormone that encourages the uptake of calcium in the blood into bone

A

calcitonin

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19
Q

hormone that keeps level of calcium in the blood from getting too low by releasing calcium from bones into the blood

A

parathyroid hormone

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20
Q

decreases blood sugar levels, hormone secreted by pancreas that controls metabolism and uptake of sugar and fats

A

insulin

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21
Q

increases blood sugar levels

A

glucagon

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22
Q

glucose levels in blood

A

glycemia

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23
Q

high glucose levels

A

hyperglycemia

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24
Q

low glucose levels

A

hypoglycemia

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25
Q

normal glucose levels

A

euglycemia

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26
Q

sugar in the urine

A

glucosuria

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27
Q

ketones

A

ketonuria

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28
Q

gluc/o, glucos/o, glyc/o

A

sugar

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29
Q

crin/o

A

to secrete

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30
Q

-tropin

A

stimulating hormone

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31
Q

-emia

A

blood condition

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32
Q

-uria

A

urine condition

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33
Q

abnormal enlargement of the extremities

A

acromegaly

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34
Q

development of male secondary sexual characteristics caused by excessive secretion of the adrenal gland

A

adrenal virilism

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35
Q

protrusion of the eyes out of the eye socket

A

exophthalmos

36
Q

swollen thyroid gland

A

goiter

37
Q

swelling of the skin caused by deposits under the skin

A

myxedema

38
Q

abnormally short height caused by undersecretion of growth hormone from the pituitary gland

A

pituitary dwarfism

39
Q

abnormally tall height caused by oversecretion of growth hormone from the pituitary gland

A

pituitary gigantism

40
Q

excessive thirst

A

polydipsia

41
Q

excessive urination

A

polyuria

42
Q

presence of urinary waste in blood

A

uremia

43
Q

shorter name for adrenocorticotropic hormone

A

corticotropin

44
Q

to secrete internally

A

endocrine

45
Q

specialist in internal secretions

A

endocrinologist

46
Q

normal functioning thyroid

A

euthyroid

47
Q

inflammation of a gland

A

adenitis

48
Q

glandular tumor on pituitary gland

A

adenoma

49
Q

tumor that secretes insulin

A

insulinoma

50
Q

inflammation of the adrenal gland

A

adrenalitis

51
Q

metabolic disease characterized by excessive urination and hyperglycemia

A

diabetes mellitus

52
Q

overproduction of the parathyroid glands

A

hyperparathyroidism

53
Q

overfunctioning of the pituitary gland

A

hyperpituitarism

54
Q

overproduction by the thyroid

A

hyperthyroidism

55
Q

underproduction by the parathyroid

A

hypoparathyroidism

56
Q

undersecretion of the pituitary gland

A

hypopituitarism

57
Q

underproduction by the thyroid

A

hypothyroidism

58
Q

inflammation of the pancreas

A

pancreatitis

59
Q

defective of absent function of the entire pituitary gland

A

panhypopituitarism

60
Q

inflammation of the thyroid

A

thyroiditis

61
Q

condition caused by the exposure of body tissue to excessive levels of thyroid hormone; thyroid storm

A

thyrotoxicosis

62
Q

removal of a gland

A

adenectomy

63
Q

removal of adrenal gland

A

adrenalectomy

64
Q

removal of pituitary gland

A

hypophysectomy

65
Q

removal of pancreas

A

pancreatectomy

66
Q

removal of parathyroid

A

parathyroidectomy

67
Q

removal of thymus

A

thymectomy

68
Q

tests performed to evaluate the function of the thyroid

A

thyroid function tests

69
Q

removal of thyroid

A

thyroidectomy

70
Q

incision into the thyroid

A

thyroidotomy

71
Q

substance poisonous to the thyroid gland

A

thyroidotoxin

72
Q

condition in women where there is an excessive growth of dark/coarse hair in a male-like pattern

A

hirsutism

73
Q

overproduction of hormones in the gonads

A

hypergonadism

74
Q

increase of breast gland tissue in males

A

gynecomastia

75
Q

absence of menstruation

A

amenorrhea

76
Q

first menstruation

A

menarche

77
Q

breast development in females

A

thelarche

78
Q

excessive eating

A

polyphagia

79
Q

chloride in the blood

A

chloremia

80
Q

excessive potassium in the blood

A

hyperkalemia

81
Q

excessive sodium in the blood

A

hypernatremia

82
Q

the generation/creation of glucose

A

gluconeogenesis

83
Q

breaking down glucose into pyruvate

A

glucolysis

84
Q

malignant tumor on a gland

A

adenocarcinoma

85
Q

T3

A

triiodothyronine

86
Q

T4

A

thyroxine

Medical Terminology (10 decks)

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