Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOL 1410 (Anatomy) > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two divisions of the Nervous System?

A

Central NS
Peripheral NS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the ”command centre” of the brain? What is it composed of?

A

-Central NS
-brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does the PNS consists of?

A

cranial and spinal nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the two divisions of the PNS

A

sensory/afferent division
motor/efferent division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the afferent division?

A

It is a division that has sensory receptors that detect stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the efferent division?

A

It is a division that convey impulses from CNS and conducts a response to a stimulus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How do the nerves covey impulses from the CNS?

A

away

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

difference of somatic and autonomic?

A

somatic is voluntary movement of skeletal muscles while autonomic is involuntary movement of the smooth and cardiac muscle (meaning we cannot control it)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is sympathetic? what is parasympathetic?

A

-fight or flight
-rest and digest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Are neurons able to undergo mitosis? Why or why not?

A

No because they are amitotic. They are irreplaceable.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does the RER of a neuron called?

A

Nissl Bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What do you call the clusters of cell bodies in the CNS? What colour are they?

A

Nuclei, a gray matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What do you call the clusters of cell bodies in the PNS?

A

ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the function of dendrites?

A

Receive incoming messages and relay it to the cell body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the function of an axon?

A

carry impulses away from the cell body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the axon hillock?

A

where the axon meets the cell body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what does the axon terminal look like?

A

typically branched with synaptic end bulbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does it mean when an axon is myelinated?

A

wrapped in many layers of cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are Schwann Cells?

A

cell membrane from PNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are oligodendrocytes?

A

cell membrane from CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What do myelin sheaths provide?

A

electrical insulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the “Nodes of Ranvier”?

A

gaps in myelin sheath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What do you call the myelinated axon bundles in CNS? PNS?

A

CNS- tracts (white matter)
PNS- nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are Neuroglia(s)?

A

Glial cells that support neuron cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Can glial cells undergo mitosis? If so, what can it be prone to?

A

Yes. They are prone to brain tumors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are the 4 types of CNS neuroglia?

A

-oligodendrocytes
-microglia
-astrocytes
-ependymal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

List the functions of the 4 types of CNS neuroglia.

A

1)Oligodendrocytes- produce myelin around axon

2)Microglia- protection that can become phagocytic if detect unusual neurons

3)Astrocytes- surround blood capillaries to form Blood Brain Barrier
-control capillary permeability

4)Ependymal-neural epithelia
-line brain ventricles and central canal of spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are the 2 types of PNS neuroglia?

A

Schwann cells and Satellite cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are Schwann cells?

A

form myelin around axons in PNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What are Satellite cells?

A

surround neuron cell bodies in ganglia-protection and support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is a unipolar neuron?

A

1 process that divides into two: central and peripheral
the peripheral end has dendrites which are sensory neurons—remainder is axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is a bipolar neuron?

A

has 2 processes: 1 axon and 1 process with dendrites
sensory: retina, smell (olfaction)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is a multipolar axon?

A

3 or more processes: 1 axon, many dendrites
all interneurons + motor neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What type of neurons are sensory/afferent neurons?

A

mostly unipolar
from sensory receptors to CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What kind of neuron are interneurons? Where are they found?

A

mostly multipolar and within CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

How are neurons classified?

A

Structure/Anatomy
Function (based on direction of impulse conduction)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What are the three types of Neuron Junctions? Explain each.

A

Neuronal Junction- neuron to neuron and can be either chemical (neurotransmitters) or electrical (ions)
Neuromuscular Junction- motor neuron to skeletal muscle
Neuroglandular Junction- motor neuron to gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What is the most common type of Neuronal Synapses?

A

Chemical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

List the 4 structures of a chemical synapse and explain each briefly.

A
  1. Presynaptic Neuron- neuron bringing the impulse
  2. Axon Terminal- has synaptic end bulbs; inside the end bulb are synaptic vesicles that contain neurotransmitter)
  3. Synaptic Cleft- spaces between neurons
  4. Postsynaptic Neuron- receives the impulse and has a postsynaptic membrane
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What are meninges?

A

Connective tissue around the brain and spinal cord.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What is the outer layer of the meninges called? How many layers does the brain have? The spinal cord
?

A

dura mater, 2 fused layers, 1 layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What do you call the space in between the 2 fused layers of dura mater in the brain? What do they contain?

A

Venous sinuses. They contain blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What do you call the space that is deep to the dura matter? What is it filled with?

A

subdural space; ISF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What do you call the superficial space to dura mater? Where can it be only found?

A

epidural space and can only be found in the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What is the epidural space filled with?

A

fat, blood vessels, CT, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What is the arachnoid mater

A

The middle layer of the meninges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Is the arachnoid mater vascular or avascular?

A

avascular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

The subarachnoid space contains 2 things. What are they?

A
  1. Cerebrospinal fluid
  2. web-like strands of CT to secure it to pia mater below
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Where can you only find the arachnoid granulations? Where does it project into?

A

brain; dural sinuses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

What is the inner layer of the meninges called? Where can it be located?

A

pia mater; surface of brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

is the pia mater vascular or avascular?

A

vascular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Where can the CSF be located?

A

surrounds brain and spinal cord
brain ventricles + central canal of the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Where in the lateral ventricles can the CSF be located?

A

cerebrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Where in the 3rd ventricles can the CSF be located?

A

diancephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Where in the 4th ventricle can the CSF be located?

A

surrounded by pons, medulla oblongata, cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

What is the function of CSF?

A

to cushion CNS- brain buoyant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Where is the CSF formed? Where is it produced?

A

blood plasma; choroid plexuses (blood capillaries) in each ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

CSF circulation

A

l

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

What are the two cell types of the blood brain barrier? (BBB)

A
  1. endothelial cells (of capillaries) with tight junctions
  2. astrocytes- foot processes wrap around endothelial cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Describe astrocytes.

A

selectively permeable: allows glucose, fat soluble material
does not allow toxins, antibiotics, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

What is the Cerebral Arterial Circle

A

cerebral arteries that form a circle at base of forebrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

What gland does the Cerebral Arterial Circle encircle?

A

pituitary gland + optic chiasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

What does the Cerebral Arterial Circle unite?

A

two major blood supplies to the brain, anterior and posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

Blood flow to brain (anteriorly)

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

Blood flow of the brain (starting from internal carotids)

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

Blood return from Brain

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

What are the parts of the brain?

A

forebrain
diencephalon
midbrain
hindbrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

List the 5 lobes of the cerebrum.

A

frontal
temporal
parietal
occipital
insula- deep into temporal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

what are fissures?

A

deep grooves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

What are the three types of fissure?

A

longitudinal fissure
transverse fissure
lateral fissure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

what does the longitudinal fissure separate?

A

separates right and left cerebral hemispheres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

What does the transverse fissure separate?

A

separates cerebellum and cerebrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

What does the lateral fissure separate?

A

temporal lobe from the rest of cerebrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

what are gyri?

A

ridges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

list 2 types of gyri and what lobes they are located

A

postcentral gyrus- parietal lobe
precentral gyrus- frontal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

what are sulci?

A

shallow grooves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

what do sulci separate?

A

gyri

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

What are the functional areas of cerebral cortex?

A

motor areas
sensory areas
association areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

where can the motor area be found?

A

frontal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

What does the motor area control?

A

skeletal muscle movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

What are the three regions of the motor area?

A

primary motor area (precentral gyrus)
premotor area
Broca’s area (motor speech)

82
Q

List the 4 sensory areas of the cerebral cortex

A

general sensory area (pain, touch, temp, pressure)
vision
auditory and olfaction
taste + visceral (sensation

83
Q

Where are each of the sensory areas found?

A

general sensory area = postcentral gyrus in parietal lobe
vision = occipital lobe
auditory + olfaction = temporal lobe
taste + visceral = insula

84
Q

where can association areas be found?

A

parietal, occipital, temporal lobes

85
Q

What do association areas do?

A

recognize info from memories

86
Q

what are tracts?

A

white matter

87
Q

What are the 3 types of tracts?

A

association tracts
commissural tracts
projection tracts

88
Q

Where can each tracts be found?

A

association tracts: from gyrus to gyrus of the same hemisphere
commissural tracts: gyrus to gyrus of opposite hemispheres
projection tracts: run vertically (brain and spinal cord)

89
Q

What are basal nuclei and what do they control?

A

paired masses of gray matter “within” white matter; control skeletal muscle movement

90
Q

Is the diencephalon gray or white matter?

A

gray

91
Q

What consists of the the diencephalon?

A

thalamus and hypothalamus

92
Q

what is the thalamus made out of?

A

2 lobes connected by intermediate mass (bridge through 3rd ventricle)

93
Q

What is the function of the thalamus?

A

relay station for impulses coming to cortex from the spinal cord

94
Q

Where can the hypothalamus be located?

A

inferior to thalamus and above pituitary

95
Q

What is the hypothalamus’ function?

A

major regulator of the internal environment (visceral control)

96
Q

what does the midbrain connect?

A

pons + diencephalon

97
Q

what does the midbrain contain?

A

cerebral aqueduct

98
Q

The anterior portion of the midbrain has projection tracts called _________________________.

A

cerebral peduncles

99
Q

The posterior portion of the midbrain has _____ nuclei which are called ______________________.

A

4; corpora quadrigemina

100
Q

The 2 superior colliculi are for what?

A

visual reflexes

101
Q

the 2 inferior colliculi are for what?

A

hearing

102
Q

what does the hindbrain consist of?

A

pons, medulla oblongata, cerebellum

103
Q

Where can the pons be found?

A

anterior to cerebellum

104
Q

Where can the tracts of pons be found?

A

b/w brain and spinal cord + tracts to/from cerebellum

105
Q

what are pons

A

pontine respiratory centres

106
Q

where is the medulla oblongata

A

inferior to pons and ends at foramen magnum

107
Q

What are the two bulges of the medulla oblongata called? what kind of tracts are they?

A

pyramids; large motot tracts

108
Q

what is decussation

A

crossover of pyramids just above the spinal cord

109
Q

what are the three vital centres in the medulla

A

cardiac
vasomotor (blood vessels)
respiratory

110
Q

what are the several non-vital centres for?

A

swallowing, sneezing, vomiting

111
Q

what is the brainstem composed of?

A

midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

112
Q

where can the cerebellum be found?

A

posterior to pons/medulla

113
Q

what are the folds of the cerebellum called

A

folia

114
Q

the cortex of the cerebellum is what colour

A

gray

115
Q

what is the white matter of the cerebellum called

A

arbor vitae (deep to cortex and anterior to cerebellum)

116
Q

what is the function of the cerebellum?

A

coordinates skeletal muscle contraction for balance and posture

117
Q

what are the two functional systems of the cerebellum?

A

limbic system
reticular formation

118
Q

where can the limbic system be found

A

nuclei in cerebral hemisphere + diencephalon

119
Q

what does the limbic sys regulate

A

emotions

120
Q

what does the limbic system contain

A

areas involved in memory

121
Q

where can the reticular formation be found?

A

nuclei in brain stem

122
Q

what parts of the brain does the reticular formation involve

A

cortex, thalamus, hypothalamus (together form Reticular Activating System RAS)

123
Q

what does the reticular formation regulate?

A

alertness and attention; also filters stimuli and only sends new/unusual signals to other brain areas

124
Q

what results when reticular formation is inhibited? what about if damaged?

A

sleep; coma

125
Q

The spinal cord is from the foramen magnum to?

A

L1/L2 (conus medullaris)

126
Q

the nerves from the spine continue down through the vertebral foramina as?

A

cauda equina (horse’s tail)

127
Q

where does the nerves from the spinal cord exit?

A

intervertebral foramina

128
Q

what is the CT extension of pia mater? (it is also where CSF samples are taken)

A

filum terminale

129
Q

what separates cord into right and left halves

A

anterior median fissure and posterior median sulcus

130
Q

what does the central canal contain

A

CSF

131
Q

What is the gray matter made up of?

A

cell bodies, dendrites of motor neurons + interneurons

132
Q

what is the shape of the gray matter?

A

H

133
Q

cross bar = gray ____________

A

commissure

134
Q

what are the 3 horns of the gray matter and what are they for

A

dorsal horn = sensory
lateral horn = motor
ventral horn = motor

135
Q

What is the white matter composed of?

A

myelinated axons containing ascending (sensory) or descending (motor) tracts

136
Q

what 3 columns does the white matter form

A

dorsal column
lateral column
ventral column

137
Q

What are the functions of the spinal cord?

A
  1. sensory + motor impulses
  2. reflexes
138
Q

What are the 12 Cranial Nerves

A

I.Oh- Olfactory
II. Once- Optic
III. One- Oculomotor
IV. Take- Trochlear
V. The- Trigeminal
VI. Anatomy- Abducens
VII. Final- Facial
VIII. Very - Vestibulocochlear
IX. Good- Glossopharyngeal
X. Vacations- Vagus
XI. Are- Accessory
XII. Had- Hypoglossal

139
Q

What 2 pairs of cranial nerves are for sensory only?

A

I & II

140
Q

What pair of cranial nerves are “mainly” sensory

A

VIII

141
Q

How many pairs are mixed nerves? What do they carry?

A

9; sensory and motor neurons

142
Q

motor neurons have cell bodies in?

A

brainstem nuclei

143
Q

sensory neurons have cell bodies in?

A

ganglia

144
Q

how many pairs of nerves are in the spinal nerves?

A

31 pairs of mixed nerves

145
Q

list the 31 pairs of spinal nerves

A

8 cervical
12 thoracis
5 lumbar
5 sacral
1 coccygeal

146
Q

where do the spinal nerves exit? what is excluded?

A

intervertebral foramina; 1st (between atlas + occipital)

147
Q

what are the 2 points of attachment of the spinal nerves to the spinal cord?

A

dorsal root and ventral root

148
Q

What is the dorsal root

A

sensory neurons; cell bodies in dorsal root ganglion

149
Q

what is the ventral root

A

autonomic and somatic motor neurons; cell bodies in ventral or lateral horn

150
Q

what does the spinal nerve join?

A

dorsal and ventral roots

151
Q

what are the branches of the spinal nerve called>

A

rami

152
Q

what is the dorsal ramus

A

innervate skin + muscles of the back

153
Q

what does the ventral ramus form

A

thoracic nerves OR further branch and join up forming nerve plexuses

154
Q

what is the important nerve arising from cervical?

A

phrenic

155
Q

what are the important nerves arising from brachial?

A

axillary, radial, ulnar, median, musculocutaneous

156
Q

what is the important nerve arising from lumbar?

A

femoral

157
Q

what is the important nerve arising from sacral? what does it divide into?

A

sciatic—tibial and common fibular

158
Q

what does the rami communicates contain

A

autonomic nerve fibres

159
Q

what does the rami communicantes connect

A

ventral ramus (spinal nerve) to sympathetic trunk

160
Q

what are the CT wrappings of a nerve (3)

A

epineurium
perineurium
endoneurium

161
Q

what is wrapped around the whole nerve

A

epineurium

162
Q

what is wrapped around the fascicles

A

perineurium

163
Q

what is wrapped around the axon + myelin

A

endoneurium

164
Q

What does the sensory (afferent) division do?

A

stimulu to receptor to CNS

165
Q

what do receptors do?

A

detect changes in the environment

166
Q

what are the 3 classifications of receptors

A

exteroceptors
interoceptors
proprioceptors

167
Q

what are exteroceptors?

A

stimulus in external env. = receptors at body surface

168
Q

what are interoceptors

A

stimulus in internal env.

169
Q

what are proprioceptors? where are they located?

A

monitor body position; joints, skeletal muscles, etc.

170
Q

What are the 5 types of stimulus received

A

mechanoreceptors
thermoreceptors
nociceptors
chemoreceptors
photoreceptors

171
Q

What is the structure of the general senses’ receptor

A

free nerve endings or encapsulated endings

172
Q

what are free nerve endings

A

terminal dendrites of unipolar sensory neurons

173
Q

what are encapsulated nerve endings

A

terminal dendrites enclosed in CT (ex. corpuscles)

174
Q

What are First Order Neurons

A

unipolar neuron attached to a receptor

175
Q

where does the axon travel in FON

A

cranial/spinal nerves to CNS

176
Q

where are the cell bodies located in FON

A

sensory ganglia of cranial nerves
dorsal root ganglia of spinal cord

177
Q

where are the axon terminals of FON

A

brain
dorsal horn of spinal cord

178
Q

what is the function of the motor (efferent) division

A

CNS to effector

179
Q

What are the 2 subdivisions of the Efferent D.

A

somatic and autonomic (ANS)

180
Q

what is the effector of the somatic? of the ANS?

A

skeletal muscles; smooth/cardiac muscle, glands

181
Q

what does the somatic subdivision consists of

A

lower motor neurons: single multipolar neuron

182
Q

where are the cell bodies of the somatic subdivision found

A

ventral horn of spinal cord to effector
motor nuclei of brainstem to effector

183
Q

what type of neurons are in the ANS

A

2 successive multipolar neurons from CNS to effector: pre- and post- ganglionic neuron

184
Q

difference of pre ganglionic to post ganglionic neuron

A

pre: myelinated, cell body in brain stem or lateral horn of spinal cord
post: unmyelinated, cell body in autonomic ganglion (outside CNS)

185
Q

2 subdivisions of the ANS

A

sympathetic
parasympathetic

186
Q

difference of SNS to PSNS

A
187
Q

What are the two pathways of the Nervous system

A

Ascending (sensory) and Descending (motor)

188
Q

What is the function of the ascending pathway

A

conduct impulses from general sense receptors into brain

189
Q

what are the 3 successive neurons from receptor to cortex

A

First order neuron
Second order neuron
3rd order neuron

190
Q

FON

A

receptor to spinal cord (PNS)

191
Q

2nd ON

A

interneuron, multipolar (CNS)
cell body in dorsal horn of spinal cord or medulla

192
Q

3rd ON

A

interneuron, multipolar
cellbody in thalamus- impulses to postcentral gyrus (sensory cortex) (CNS)

193
Q

the axons of the 1st and 2nd order neurons form what

A

ascending spinal tracts

194
Q

What are the 3 ascending spinal tracts?

A

Dorsal (Posterior) Column Pathway
Spinothalamic Pathway
Spinocerebellar Pathway

195
Q

Describe Dorsal Column Pathway

A

sensations can be precisely located
receptors: free nerve endings; Meisner’s, etc.

196
Q

Describe Spinothalamic Pathway

A

non-specific, difficult to localize
receptors = temp and pain

197
Q

Describe Spinocerebellar Pathway

A

ascending tracts from spinal cord to cerebellum
receptors = proprioceptors
2nd ON direct to cerebellum (no 3rd ON) therefore no conscious perception and no decussation

198
Q

What is the function of the Descending Pathway

A

conduct impulses from brain to effector

199
Q

What are the 2 neuron pathway of the Descending Pathway

A

Upper Motor (CNS) and Lower Motor Neuron (PNS)

200
Q

axons of the upper motor neurons form?

A

descending spinal tracts

201
Q

what are corticospinal tracts

A

cell bodies in cerebral cortex
tracts mainly decussate in medulla

202
Q

what are indirect tracts

A

cell bodies in brainstem nuclei
receive impulses from motor cortex, basal nuclei, cerebellum

BIOL 1410 (Anatomy) (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions