Endocrine System

Question 1

What is the function of the endocrine system?

Answer 1

secrete chemicals, hormones into blood

Question 2

What are target cells?

Answer 2

cells with receptor specific for that hormone

Question 3

Steroids are synthesized from?

Answer 3

cholesterol

Question 4

What are some examples of steroids?

Answer 4

testosterone, estrogen, vitamin D

Question 5

What is an example of thyroid hormone? Describe it.

Answer 5

thyroxine/ T4 which is lipid soluble and controls cellular metabolism

Question 6

what hormones are responsible for short term stress?

Answer 6

epinephrine and norepinephrine (catecholamines)

Question 7

oxytocin, insulin, ADH, GH are water soluble ___________ hormones.

Answer 7

peptide + protein

Question 8

Where is the pituitary gland located?

Answer 8

suspended in the hypothalamus and is in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bine

Question 9

What are the two lobes of the pituitary gland?

Answer 9

Anterior Pituitary
Posterior Pituitary

Question 10

List 3 metabolism hormones and their functions.

Answer 10

1. Growth Hormone- promotes growth and metabolism
2. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone- stimulate secretion of thyroid
3. Adrenocorticotropic Hormone- stimulate secretion of adrenal steroids

Question 11

List 3 reproductive hormones

Answer 11

1. Luteinizing Hormone
2. Follicle Stimulating Hormone
3. Prolactin

Question 12

What stimulates milk formation?

Answer 12

prolactin

Question 13

What is the function of the posterior pituitary?

Answer 13

store hormones produced in the hypothalamus

Question 14

What are some hormones that can be found in the posterior pituitary? What are their functions?

Answer 14

1. Oxytocin- stimulate uterine contractions and milk ejection
2. ADH- water reabsorption in kidney

Question 15

Where is the thyroid gland located? What does it look like?

Answer 15

anterior surface of the superior part of the trachea, butterfly shaped

Question 16

What do the follicles of the thyroid gland produce?

Answer 16

T4

Question 17

What do Parafollicular cells secrete?

Answer 17

calcitonin

Question 18

What is calcitonin?

Answer 18

increase the calcium ion uptake into bone (bone formation) which lowers blood calcium ion

Question 19

How many glands are embedded in the posterior thyroid of the parathyroid glands?

Answer 19

4

Question 20

what do parathyroid glands secrete?

Answer 20

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 21

What are the two parts of the adrenal glands?

Answer 21

adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla

Question 22

what are the three layers of the adrenal cortex and what hormones do each secrete and what is their function?

Answer 22

1. Zona Glomerulosa = mineralocorticoids for salt balance
2. Zona Fasciculata = glucocorticoids for long-stress hormone and carb metabolism
3. Zona Reticularis = androgens + small amounts of testosterone for sex drive

Question 23

What are the two main hormones in the adrenal medulla?

Answer 23

Epinephrine (80%)
Norepinephrine (20%)

Question 24

Pancreatic Islets of Langerhans has 4 cell types. Name two and describe each.

Answer 24

• a-cells: produce glucagon that increases glucose
• b-cells: produce insulin that decreases glucose

Question 25

What does the hypothalamus regulate? How does it do so?

Answer 25

it regulates the anterior pituitary via:
-GH Releasing Hormone
-GH Inhibiting Hormone
-Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone