Urinary System Flashcards by Martina D

What are the structures if the Urinary System?

2 kidneys
2 ureters
1 urinary bladder
1 urethra

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list the functions of the urinary system (2)

REGULATES blood volume, blood pressure, pH, and ion concentrations
ELIMINATES wastes

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What side of the kidney is lower than the other?

right

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What are the three layers of CT of the kidney

fibrous capsule
perirenal fat capsule
renal facscia

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What is the entry point of the renal arteries and veins, ureter, and nerves?

renal hilus (hilum)

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list the parts of the internal anatomy of the kidney

renal cortex (superficial)
renal medulla

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what does the renal medulla contain?

renal pyramids
renal columns

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what is the apex of the renal pyramid called?

renal papilla

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what is the function of the renal columns and what does it contain?

it separates the pyramids
contains blood vessels

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What is the functional unit of the kidney?

nephron

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what is a nephron composed of?

renal corpuscle
renal tubules

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Where is the renal corpuscle located?

cortex

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what is the renal corpuscle’s function?

site of blood filtration

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glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule are parts of what ?

renal corpuscle which is part of the nephron

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what is the glomerulus?

capillary bed of the renal corpuscle

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What does the Bowman’s capsule surrounds and what does it collect?

surrounds the glomerulus
collects filtrate from the glomerulus

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What is the outer layer of the Bowman’s capsule is made of?

simple squamous epithelium

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What is wrapped around the glomerular capillaries?

podocytes

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what does the filtration membrane consists of?

glomerular endothelium (capillaries)
basement membranes
podocytes

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The glomerular endothelium is a simple squamous epithelium with pores called __________.

fenestrations

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List the 4 parts of the renal tubules.

Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)
Loop of Henle
Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT)
Collecting Ducts

Where is the DCT and PCT located?

cortex

Where is the Loop of Henle located? and what are they?

located in the medulla
descending and ascending limbs
EXTRA INFO: site where majority of magnesium is absorbed

Where are the Collecting Ducts located?

cortex and medulla

The Collecting Ducts connect _________ to ___________ (via calyces/renal pelvis)

nephron, ureter

List the two types of nephrons.

Cortical 85% Juxtamedullary 15%

Where is the cortical located?

renal corpuscles near kidney surface in cortex short Loop of Henle in outer medulla

Where is the Juxtamedullary located?

renal corpuscles in cortex near medulla

What does the juxtamedullary contain and what is its function?

long Loops that penetrate deep into the medulla it allows for the concentration of urine depending on what is needed

List the pathway of the Kidney and Nephron blood supply. (O2 rich blood only)

List (in order) the pathway if blood from the kidney back to the heart.

cortical radiate veins➡️ arcuate veins➡️ inter-lobar veins➡️ renal veins➡️ inferior vena cava

What is the function of the Juxtaglomerular complex?

regulate filtrate formation

Where is the Juxtaglomerular complex located?

point of contact between end of ascending limb, afferent+efferent arterioles at the renal corpuscle of same nephron

What are the two portions of the juxtaglomerular complex?

tubular and arteriolar portion

What is the Tubular Portion?

modified ascending limb cells called “macula densa”

What is the arteriolar portion? What is its function? What does it contain?

afferent and efferent arteriolar portion monitor blood pressure contains renin

Ureters have all of the layers except?

submucosa

The mucosa of the ureter is made up of?

transitional epithelium

The muscularis externa of the ureter is made up of 3 layers of what kind of muscle?

smooth muscle

The ureter’s lamina propria is connected to what?

muscularis externa

The adventitia of the ureter is?

retroperitoneal

What is the mucosa of the urinary bladder made up of

transitional epithelium with rugae

the muscularis externa of the urinary bladder has a muscle that contracts to push the urine out of the bladder. What is it called?

detrusor muscle

What is the position of the adventitia and serosa of the bladder?

adventitia = anterior, posterior, inferior serosa = superior

triangle of 2 ureters + urethra openings

trigone

what does the mucosa of trigone lack? why is that so?

rugae to allow openings to remain in fixed position

What is the mucosa of the urethra made up of?

transitional to stratified squamous epithelium

what are the two sphincters of the urethra? what are they made up of?

internal (smooth m.) and external (skeletal m.)

where is the internal urethral sphincter located

thickening of detrusor muscle at base of bladder

where is the external urethral sphincter located?

urogenital diaphragm

what does the urethra transport in males

urine and semen

list the filtrate movement in order. (start with DCTs and end in urethra)

DCTs➡️collecting ducts➡️minor calyx➡️major calyx➡️renal pelvis➡️ureter➡️urinary bladder➡️urethra