Urinary System Flashcards
What are the structures if the Urinary System?
2 kidneys
2 ureters
1 urinary bladder
1 urethra
list the functions of the urinary system (2)
REGULATES blood volume, blood pressure, pH, and ion concentrations
ELIMINATES wastes
What side of the kidney is lower than the other?
right
What are the three layers of CT of the kidney
fibrous capsule
perirenal fat capsule
renal facscia
What is the entry point of the renal arteries and veins, ureter, and nerves?
renal hilus (hilum)
list the parts of the internal anatomy of the kidney
renal cortex (superficial)
renal medulla
what does the renal medulla contain?
renal pyramids
renal columns
what is the apex of the renal pyramid called?
renal papilla
what is the function of the renal columns and what does it contain?
it separates the pyramids
contains blood vessels
What is the functional unit of the kidney?
nephron
what is a nephron composed of?
renal corpuscle
renal tubules
Where is the renal corpuscle located?
cortex
what is the renal corpuscle’s function?
site of blood filtration
glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule are parts of what ?
renal corpuscle which is part of the nephron
what is the glomerulus?
capillary bed of the renal corpuscle
What does the Bowman’s capsule surrounds and what does it collect?
surrounds the glomerulus
collects filtrate from the glomerulus
What is the outer layer of the Bowman’s capsule is made of?
simple squamous epithelium
What is wrapped around the glomerular capillaries?
podocytes
what does the filtration membrane consists of?
glomerular endothelium (capillaries)
basement membranes
podocytes
The glomerular endothelium is a simple squamous epithelium with pores called __________.
fenestrations
List the 4 parts of the renal tubules.
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)
Loop of Henle
Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT)
Collecting Ducts
Where is the DCT and PCT located?
cortex
Where is the Loop of Henle located? and what are they?
located in the medulla
descending and ascending limbs
EXTRA INFO: site where majority of magnesium is absorbed
Where are the Collecting Ducts located?
cortex and medulla
The Collecting Ducts connect _________ to ___________ (via calyces/renal pelvis)
nephron, ureter
List the two types of nephrons.
Cortical 85%
Juxtamedullary 15%
Where is the cortical located?
renal corpuscles near kidney surface in cortex
short Loop of Henle in outer medulla
Where is the Juxtamedullary located?
renal corpuscles in cortex near medulla
What does the juxtamedullary contain and what is its function?
long Loops that penetrate deep into the medulla
it allows for the concentration of urine depending on what is needed
List the pathway of the Kidney and Nephron blood supply. (O2 rich blood only)
List (in order) the pathway if blood from the kidney back to the heart.
cortical radiate veins➡️ arcuate veins➡️ inter-lobar veins➡️ renal veins➡️ inferior vena cava
What is the function of the Juxtaglomerular complex?
regulate filtrate formation
Where is the Juxtaglomerular complex located?
point of contact between end of ascending limb, afferent+efferent arterioles at the renal corpuscle of same nephron
What are the two portions of the juxtaglomerular complex?
tubular and arteriolar portion
What is the Tubular Portion?
modified ascending limb cells called “macula densa”
What is the arteriolar portion? What is its function? What does it contain?
afferent and efferent arteriolar portion
monitor blood pressure
contains renin
Ureters have all of the layers except?
submucosa
The mucosa of the ureter is made up of?
transitional epithelium
The muscularis externa of the ureter is made up of 3 layers of what kind of muscle?
smooth muscle
The ureter’s lamina propria is connected to what?
muscularis externa
The adventitia of the ureter is?
retroperitoneal
What is the mucosa of the urinary bladder made up of
transitional epithelium with rugae
the muscularis externa of the urinary bladder has a muscle that contracts to push the urine out of the bladder. What is it called?
detrusor muscle
What is the position of the adventitia and serosa of the bladder?
adventitia = anterior, posterior, inferior
serosa = superior
triangle of 2 ureters + urethra openings
trigone
what does the mucosa of trigone lack? why is that so?
rugae to allow openings to remain in fixed position
What is the mucosa of the urethra made up of?
transitional to stratified squamous epithelium
what are the two sphincters of the urethra? what are they made up of?
internal (smooth m.) and external (skeletal m.)
where is the internal urethral sphincter located
thickening of detrusor muscle at base of bladder
where is the external urethral sphincter located?
urogenital diaphragm
what does the urethra transport in males
urine and semen
list the filtrate movement in order. (start with DCTs and end in urethra)
DCTs➡️collecting ducts➡️minor calyx➡️major calyx➡️renal pelvis➡️ureter➡️urinary bladder➡️urethra
