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BIOL 1410 (Anatomy) > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the structures if the Urinary System?

A

2 kidneys
2 ureters
1 urinary bladder
1 urethra

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2
Q

list the functions of the urinary system (2)

A

REGULATES blood volume, blood pressure, pH, and ion concentrations
ELIMINATES wastes

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3
Q

What side of the kidney is lower than the other?

A

right

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4
Q

What are the three layers of CT of the kidney

A

fibrous capsule
perirenal fat capsule
renal facscia

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5
Q

What is the entry point of the renal arteries and veins, ureter, and nerves?

A

renal hilus (hilum)

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6
Q

list the parts of the internal anatomy of the kidney

A

renal cortex (superficial)
renal medulla

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7
Q

what does the renal medulla contain?

A

renal pyramids
renal columns

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8
Q

what is the apex of the renal pyramid called?

A

renal papilla

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9
Q

what is the function of the renal columns and what does it contain?

A

it separates the pyramids
contains blood vessels

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10
Q

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

A

nephron

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11
Q

what is a nephron composed of?

A

renal corpuscle
renal tubules

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12
Q

Where is the renal corpuscle located?

A

cortex

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13
Q

what is the renal corpuscle’s function?

A

site of blood filtration

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14
Q

glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule are parts of what ?

A

renal corpuscle which is part of the nephron

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15
Q

what is the glomerulus?

A

capillary bed of the renal corpuscle

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16
Q

What does the Bowman’s capsule surrounds and what does it collect?

A

surrounds the glomerulus
collects filtrate from the glomerulus

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17
Q

What is the outer layer of the Bowman’s capsule is made of?

A

simple squamous epithelium

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18
Q

What is wrapped around the glomerular capillaries?

A

podocytes

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19
Q

what does the filtration membrane consists of?

A

glomerular endothelium (capillaries)
basement membranes
podocytes

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20
Q

The glomerular endothelium is a simple squamous epithelium with pores called __________.

A

fenestrations

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21
Q

List the 4 parts of the renal tubules.

A

Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)
Loop of Henle
Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT)
Collecting Ducts

22
Q

Where is the DCT and PCT located?

A

cortex

23
Q

Where is the Loop of Henle located? and what are they?

A

located in the medulla
descending and ascending limbs
EXTRA INFO: site where majority of magnesium is absorbed

24
Q

Where are the Collecting Ducts located?

A

cortex and medulla

25
Q

The Collecting Ducts connect _________ to ___________ (via calyces/renal pelvis)

A

nephron, ureter

26
Q

List the two types of nephrons.

A

Cortical 85%
Juxtamedullary 15%

27
Q

Where is the cortical located?

A

renal corpuscles near kidney surface in cortex
short Loop of Henle in outer medulla

28
Q

Where is the Juxtamedullary located?

A

renal corpuscles in cortex near medulla

29
Q

What does the juxtamedullary contain and what is its function?

A

long Loops that penetrate deep into the medulla
it allows for the concentration of urine depending on what is needed

30
Q

List the pathway of the Kidney and Nephron blood supply. (O2 rich blood only)

A
31
Q

List (in order) the pathway if blood from the kidney back to the heart.

A

cortical radiate veins➡️ arcuate veins➡️ inter-lobar veins➡️ renal veins➡️ inferior vena cava

32
Q

What is the function of the Juxtaglomerular complex?

A

regulate filtrate formation

33
Q

Where is the Juxtaglomerular complex located?

A

point of contact between end of ascending limb, afferent+efferent arterioles at the renal corpuscle of same nephron

34
Q

What are the two portions of the juxtaglomerular complex?

A

tubular and arteriolar portion

35
Q

What is the Tubular Portion?

A

modified ascending limb cells called “macula densa”

36
Q

What is the arteriolar portion? What is its function? What does it contain?

A

afferent and efferent arteriolar portion
monitor blood pressure
contains renin

37
Q

Ureters have all of the layers except?

A

submucosa

38
Q

The mucosa of the ureter is made up of?

A

transitional epithelium

39
Q

The muscularis externa of the ureter is made up of 3 layers of what kind of muscle?

A

smooth muscle

40
Q

The ureter’s lamina propria is connected to what?

A

muscularis externa

41
Q

The adventitia of the ureter is?

A

retroperitoneal

42
Q

What is the mucosa of the urinary bladder made up of

A

transitional epithelium with rugae

43
Q

the muscularis externa of the urinary bladder has a muscle that contracts to push the urine out of the bladder. What is it called?

A

detrusor muscle

44
Q

What is the position of the adventitia and serosa of the bladder?

A

adventitia = anterior, posterior, inferior
serosa = superior

45
Q

triangle of 2 ureters + urethra openings

A

trigone

46
Q

what does the mucosa of trigone lack? why is that so?

A

rugae to allow openings to remain in fixed position

47
Q

What is the mucosa of the urethra made up of?

A

transitional to stratified squamous epithelium

48
Q

what are the two sphincters of the urethra? what are they made up of?

A

internal (smooth m.) and external (skeletal m.)

49
Q

where is the internal urethral sphincter located

A

thickening of detrusor muscle at base of bladder

50
Q

where is the external urethral sphincter located?

A

urogenital diaphragm

51
Q

what does the urethra transport in males

A

urine and semen

52
Q

list the filtrate movement in order. (start with DCTs and end in urethra)

A

DCTs➡️collecting ducts➡️minor calyx➡️major calyx➡️renal pelvis➡️ureter➡️urinary bladder➡️urethra

BIOL 1410 (Anatomy) (5 decks)

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