Nervous system Flashcards
encephal/o
brain
myel/o
spinal cord
neur/i, neur/o
nerves
what are the sensory organs?
ears (hear) eyes (sight) nose (smell) skin (touch) mouth (taste)
what makes up the central nervous system?
brain and spinal cord
what makes up the peripheral nervous system?
peripheral nerves, sensory organs/receptors
what’s a nerve?
one or more bundles of neuron cells
what does “ascending tract” mean
towards the brain
what does “descending tract” mean
away from the brain
what’s a ganglion?
knot like mass outside the CNS
what’s a plexus?
a network of intersecting nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels
what’s an innervation?
supply of nerves to a body part
what are receptors?
site of sensory organs
what is stimulus?
exciting or activating a nerve to cause an impulse
what are reflexes?
automatic involuntary responses (touch something hot, automatically move your hand away from it)
what are neurons?
the basic cell of the nervous system
what are the different kinds of neurons?
afferent neurons - sensory neurons
connecting neurons - associative neurons
efferent neurons - motor neurons
what do afferent neurons do?
carry impulses to the brain
what do connective neurons do?
carry impulses from one neuron to the next
what do efferent neurons do?
carry impulses away from the brain towards muscles and glands
what are the parts of a neuron?
cell body
dendrites
axon
terminal end fibers
what are neurotransmitters?
chemical messengers, transmit messages between nerve cells by allowing impulse to jump across the synapse
what are synapses?
spaces between two neurons
what is neuroglia?
(glue) glial cell provides support and connective tissue to nervous system
what is the myelin sheath?
white protective layer around some nerve cells, found in spinal cord, white matter of the brain, and most peripheral nerves
cerebr/o
cerebrum, brain
thalam/o
inner chamber, thalamus
what are the meninges?
three layers surrounding the brain and spinal cord
are are the 3 layers of the meninges?
dura mater - outer most later
arachnoid - inner layer
pia mater - inner most layer towards the skull
What is the ANS?
automatic nervous system
what makes up the ANS?
sympathetic - prepares body for emergency and stressful situations, fight or flight
parasympathetic - returns the body to a normal state after a stress response, maintain normal body function
ambul/o, ambulat/o
to walk
concuss/o
shaken, violently agitated
contus/o
bruise
dendr-
branching as in the nervous system
ech/o
sound
-esthesia, -esthesi/o
sensation, feeling
glial
glue, glia
klept/o
to steal
mening/o
membrane, meninges
narc/o
numbness, stupor
-phobia
abnormal fear
psych/o
mind
somni/o, somn/i
sleep