Muscle system Flashcards
Skeletal muscle
attached to the bones, allow for movement
Voluntary muscles
consious control over these muscles
Straited muscles
Muscles with a striped appearance
Smooth muscles
Muscles inside internal organs, move and control fluids through internal organs
Involuntary muscles
muscles controlled by autonomic nervous system
Myocardial muscles
muscles in the heart
Muscle innervation
simulation of a muscle by an impulse tramsitted by a motor nerve
Antagonistic
opposition of eachother
Contraction
tightening of a muscle
Relaxation
relaxation of a muscle, return to normal state
Abduction
movement of a limb away from the body
Adduction
movement of a limb toward the body
Flexion
decreasing the angle by bending a limb at a joint
Extension
increasing the angle by bending the limb at a joint
Hyperextension
extreme extension, overextension
Elevation
raising/lifting a body part
Depression
lowering a body part
Rotation
circular movement around an axis
Circumduction
circular movememt at the far end of a limb
Rotator muscle
turns a body part on its axis
Rotator cuff
group of muscles and tendons that hold humerus securley in place
Supination
rotating arm or leg so the palm or sole is facing upwards (carrying a bowl of soup)
Pronation
rotating arm or leg so the palm or sole is facing downward/backward
Dorsiflexion
movement that bends the foot upward
Plantar flexion
movement that bends the foot downwards
Origin
where the muscle begins, closest to the midline of the body
insertion
where the muscle ends, farthest away from the midline of the body
Adhesion
band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally
Atrophy
weakness, wearing away of body tissues
Myalgia
tenderness/pain in the muscles
Myocele
the herniation (protrusion) of a muscle substance through a tear in the fascia
Myolysis
degeneration of muscle tissue
Myorrhexis
rupture/tearing of a muscle
Polymyositis
muscle disease, simultaneous inflammation and weakness of voluntary muscles
Rhabdomyolysis
syndrome or indirect muscle injury, death of muscle fibers are released into the bloodstream causing complications
Sarcopenia
loss of muscle mass, strength, and funtion that come with aging
Muscle tone
state of balanced muscle tension
Atonic
lacking normal muscle tone or strength
Dystonia
abnormal muscle tone, impairment of voluntary muscle movement
Hypotonia
diminished tone of skeletal muscles
Ataxia
lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement
contracture
permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments, or skin
Intermittent claudication
pain in leg muscles during excercise, relieved during rest (caused by poor circulation)
spasm
sudden, involuntary contraction
Myoclonus
quick, involuntary jerking of muscle
Singultus
hiccups
cramp
painful, localized muscle spasm
Torticollis
wryneck, stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction
Bradykinesia
extreme slowness in movement
Dyskinesia
distortion or impairment of voluntary movement resulting in fragmented/jerky movements
Hyperkinesia
abnormal increased muscle function