Nervous System Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a nerve cell called?

A

Neuron

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2
Q

Name the structures of a nerve cell

A

Dendrite, Cell body, Axon, Axon Terminals.

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3
Q

The spinal cord and brain make up the __________ nervous system.

A

Central (CNS)

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4
Q

What type of neurons send the message from the CNS to the skeletal muscle to tell it to contract? A sensory or motor neuron?

A

Motor

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5
Q

What is the myelin sheath made up of?

A

Neuroglia

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6
Q

Is the autonomic nervous system voluntary or involuntary?

A

Involuntary

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7
Q

What is the name of your fight or flight division of the nervous system?

A

Sympathetic nervous system

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8
Q

What is the role of the nervous system in the body?

A

Helps to maintain homeostasis. Is responsible for all behaviours, memories and movements.

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9
Q

There is the Central Nervous System that contains the brain and spinal cord, what is the other system called?

A

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

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10
Q

The nervous system is designed to…. ?

A

Detect changes, process information & respond

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11
Q

Describe the structure and function of the neuromuscular junction

A

When a neuron/nerve cell meets a muscle cell, there is a gap (synapse) that nerve impulses must cross. This is aided by chemical neurotransmitters secreted at the end of the axon. (calcium is also needed)

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12
Q

List the 5 steps for the neuromuscular junction

A
  1. Arrives at Axon terminals
  2. Neurotransmitters released from secretory vesicle
  3. NT crosses the synapse to receptors on muscle fiber.
  4. Muscle fiber is stimulated to contract
  5. NT is recycled back into axon terminal.
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13
Q

What is a reflex?

A

A quick predictable response to a stimulus

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14
Q

List the components of a reflex arc from stimulus to response

A
  1. Sensory receptor, 2. Sensory neuron, 3. CNS, 4. Motor neuron, 5. Effector
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15
Q

Name the 3 main regions of the brain and their overall function

A

Cerebrum - coordination, balance and posture.
Cerebellum - memories, thinking, learning, movement that is voluntary.
Brainstem - basic survival activities, breathing, heartbeat etc

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16
Q

Name the four lobes of the Cerebrum and their functions

A

Frontal - motor skills, emotions & problem solving.
Parietal - senses.
Occipital - visual.
Temporal - smell, hearing & taste

17
Q

Membranes surrounding the brain to protect it are called?

A

Meninges

18
Q

Give some examples of nervous system infections.

A

Meningitis, encephalitis, tetanus, leprosy.

19
Q

Describe the link between the Nervous and Endocrine systems.

A

They act together to control and coordinate the functions of all body systems. The nervous system controls impulses (electrical) and the Endocrine releases hormones (chemical signals)

20
Q

The ______ (region of the brain) influences _____ ____ (endocrine gland) to release hormones.

A

Hypothalamus, Pituitary gland.