Genetics and Inheritance Flashcards

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1
Q

Define gene?

A

Small segments of DNA that code for a specific trait

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2
Q

What are autosomes?

A

All chromosomes except for the sex chromosomes

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3
Q

The pair of chromosomes that determine the genetic sex of an individual are called?

A

Sex chromosome

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4
Q

Define locus?

A

The position/location of a gene on a chromosome

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5
Q

What are alleles?

A

Genes that control a particular trait at the same locus on homologous chromosomes

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6
Q

What are homologous chromosomes?

A

A pair of chromosomes that possess genes for the same trait. (1 from mum, 1 from dad)

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7
Q

A gene that is only expressed when there is no dominant gene is called?

A

Recessive

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8
Q

A dominant gene is _____ expressed

A

Always

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9
Q

Homozygous is an individual with the _____ genes/alleles on homologous chromosomes (e.g. RR or rr)

A

Same

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10
Q

When an individual has different genes/alleles on homologous chromosomes (e.g. Rr) it is called?

A

Heterozygous

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11
Q

What it the term to describe the genetic makeup of an individual. The combination of alleles present at one or more chromosomal location?

A

Genotype

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12
Q

What is the term to describe the physical characteristics/ the way a person looks?

A

Phenotype

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13
Q

Define genetics

A

The study of genes and heredity

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