Nervous System 1

Question 1

CNS Components

Answer 1

Brain and Spinal Cord; “President”

Question 2

Peripheral Nervous System Components

Answer 2

Cranial Nerves, Spinal Nerves, Ganglia; “Workers”

Question 3

Ganglion

Answer 3

Group of neuron cell bodies located outside CNS

Question 4

Sensory Division

Answer 4

Receives information FROM body and transmits it TO the CNS for processing

Question 5

Somatic Sensory Component

Answer 5

Receives sensory information from skin, joints, muscle, and special senses (Vision, Hearing, Balance)

Question 6

Visceral Sensory Component

Answer 6

Receives sensory information from blood vessels and viscera (Organs)

Question 7

Motor Division

Answer 7

Transmits information FROM the CNS TO muscles and glands

Question 8

Somatic Motor Component

Answer 8

Innervates Skeletal System; “Voluntary”

Question 9

Autonomic Motor Component

Answer 9

Innervates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands of viscera (organs)

Question 10

Neurons

Answer 10

Respond to stimuli and conduct nerve impulses. Primarily Amniotic, not undergoing cell division

Question 11

Glial Cells

Answer 11

Support and Protect Neurons, Numerous more of these and divide by Mitosis.

Question 12

Cell Body Function

Answer 12

Is the neurons “Control Center” or “Head”

Question 13

Nucleus Function

Answer 13

Contains Nucleolus , while also containing nucleolus for protein synthesis

Question 14

Chromatophilic Substances (Nissl Bodies) Function: Rough ER

Answer 14

Look like dark clumps within Cytoplasm

Responsible for Protein Synthesis

Question 15

Dendrites Function

Answer 15

Short Nerve Cell Processes. Receives input and send nerve impulses to cell. Neuron can have one or many dendrites

Question 16

Axon Function

Answer 16

Long Nerve Cell Process: Sends the Output

Question 17

Multipolar Neuron

Answer 17

One Axon with Many Dendrites
Most Common
Example; Motor Neurons, Interneurons

Question 18

Bipolar Neuron

Answer 18

Two Processes: One Axon and One Dendrite
Limited In Location (Rare)
Example: Retina of Eye, Olfactory Neurons in Nose

Question 19

Unipolar Neuron

Answer 19

Common
Single Process comes off of the cell body and divides into two branches. One process attaches to Cell Body, the other to Axon.
Example: Sensory Neurons of PNS, Rare

Question 20

Sensory Neurons Functions

Answer 20

Brings Information TO the CNS

Example: Unipolar and Bipolar Neurons

Question 21

Motor Neurons Functions

Answer 21

Takes information FROM CNS to other parts of the body

Example: All are Multipolar Form

Question 22

Interneuron Function

Answer 22

Helps coordinate and integrate information between sensory and motor neurons.
Example: CNS, the ‘translator/mediator’. Multipolar in form

Question 23

Satellite Cells

Answer 23

Surround neuron cell bodies in spinal ganglia
Protect Cell Bodies; Regulate nutrient exchange and waste removal.
Located in PNS

Question 24

Neurolemmocytes

Answer 24

Myelinate axons in PNS

Question 25

Myelination

Answer 25

Myelin is a protective covering around axon; insulates axon and helps produce faster nerve impulses. Can also regenerate damaged PNS axons

Question 26

Astrocytes

Answer 26

Regulate transfer of material from blood to the brain - helps the workings of “blood-brain barrier”
Helps make blood vessels less leaky and keeps harmful substances away from the brain. Chemotherapy can’t pass this barrier. Dopamine can’t pass barrier but L-Dope can. So can cocaine.

Question 27

Astrocytes Disease

Answer 27

Parkinson Disease. It is caused by a decrease of neurotransmitter called Dopamine

Question 28

Oligodendrocytes

Answer 28

Myelinate axons in CNS

Question 29

Microglia

Answer 29

Phagocytize damaged neurons

Replicate when there is CNS damage and need to clean up

Question 30

Ependymal Cells

Answer 30

Line central canal and ventricles - Help circulate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Question 31

Myelination (2)

Answer 31

Dendrites are not myelinated. Only axons larger than two micrometers are myelinated as well.

Question 32

Myelination Procedure in PNS (1)

Answer 32

Neurolemmocyte wraps around a 1 mm portion of an axon successively

Question 33

Myelination Procedure in PNS (2)

Answer 33

Cytoplasm and nucleus of neurolemmocyte gets “squeezed” to the outside

Question 34

Myelination Procedure in PNS (3)

Answer 34

Inner successive layers of cell membrane make up the myelin sheath

Question 35

Neuolemmocytes Seperation

Answer 35

Separated by neurofibril nodes. These are gaps between two adjacent neurolemmocytes. Unmyelinated axons located here.

Question 36

Oligodenrocytes in CNS

Answer 36

Myelinated 1mm portions of many axons