Brainstem and Cerebellum

Question 1

Parts of Brainstem

Answer 1

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla Oblongata

Question 2

Brainstem Function

Answer 2

Relay center for sensory input and motor output

Also responsible for many basic reflex actions such as vomiting, breathing, HR

Question 3

Cerebellum Function

Answer 3

Like a small light bulb; high motor and sensory functions

Question 4

Pyramids

Answer 4

Bilateral ridges on anterior side. Contains motor axons and most of these axons decussate (cross). Each side of brain controls opposite side of body

Question 5

Autonomic Nervous System Centers (ANSC)

Answer 5

Cardiac Center
Vasomotor Center
Respiratory Center

Question 6

Cardiac Center

Answer 6

Regulates heart rate

Question 7

Vasomotor Center

Answer 7

Constricts and dilates arterioles

Question 8

Respiratory Center

Answer 8

Regulates breathing rate

Question 9

Medulla Oblongata Location

Answer 9

Becomes apart of the fourth ventricle

Question 10

Pons

Answer 10

Chiefly composed of groups of axons (nerve fiber tracts)

Contains Respiratory Center and is also the Superior Part of Fourth Ventricle

Question 11

Midbrain

Answer 11

Superior Part of Brainstem

Question 12

Midbrain Components

Answer 12

Tectal Plate
Cerebral Penduncles
Cerebral Aqueduct

Question 13

Tectal Plate

Answer 13

On posteior side of midbrain

Divided into superior and inferior calliculi. Relay stations in the processing pathway of visual and auditory sensations

Question 14

Superior Colliculi

Answer 14

(2) Visual Reflex Centers.

Coordinates head and body movement to sudden image

Question 15

Inferior Collicul

Answer 15

(2) Auditory Reflex Centers

Coordinate head and eye movement to sudden sound

Question 16

Cerebral Peduncles

Answer 16

Groups of axons (nerve fiber tracts) on anterior side of midbrain
Conduct nerve impulses between cerebrum and brainstem

Question 17

Cerebral Aqueduct

Answer 17

Connects fourth ventricle to third ventricle. Partly in pons and medulla obiongata.

Question 18

Cerebellum

Answer 18

Right and left cerebellar hemispheres

Question 19

Cerebellar Peduncles Components

Answer 19

Inferior Cerebellar Peduncles
Middle Cerebellar Peduncles
Superior Cerebellar Peduncles

Question 20

Cerebellar Peduncles Functions

Answer 20

Coordinate and fine tunes skeletal muscle movement.
Cerebellum makes movement pretty, cerebellum initiates movement
Maintains balance and posture

Question 21

Inferior Cerebellar Peduncles

Answer 21

Connects medulla oblongata to cerebellum

Question 22

Middle Cerebellar Peduncles

Answer 22

Connects pons to cerebellum

Question 23

Superior Cerebellar Peduncles

Answer 23

Connects midbrain to cerebellum

Question 24

Layers in Brain from Deepest to Superficial

Answer 24

Pia Mater -> Arachnoid Mater -> Dura Mater

Question 25

Inner and Outer Meningeal Layer

Answer 25

Surround the dural venous sinus. These are large veins that drain blood to the brain

Question 26

Cerebrospinal Fliud

Answer 26

Provides buoyancy for brain and spinal cord. Maintains CNS Chemical Environment.

Question 27

CSF Production

Answer 27

Made in the ventricles of the brain.

Specifically the Choroid Plexus ( = Blood Capillaries + Ependymal Cells) in ventricles

Question 28

Ventricular System Components

Answer 28

Left and Right Lateral Ventricles
Third Ventricle
Cerebral Aquefuct
Fourth Ventricle

Question 29

Left and Right Lateral Ventricles:

Answer 29

Found in each cerebral hemisphere

Question 30

Third Ventricle Function

Answer 30

Space in diencephalon

Connects to each lateral ventrricle via an interventricular foramen (Goes from lateral to erebral aqueduct)

Question 31

Cerebral Aqueduct Location

Answer 31

In Brain

Question 32

Fourth Ventricle Location

Answer 32

In pons and medulla oblongata

Question 33

CSF Circulation Process Simple (1)

Answer 33

CSF produced by choroid plexus in ventricles

Question 34

CSF Circulation Process Simple (2)

Answer 34

CSF flows from third ventricle, to cerebral aqueduct, to fourth ventricle

Question 35

CSF Circulation Process Simple (3)

Answer 35

CSF leaves fourth ventricle and enters subarachnoid space

Question 36

CSF Circulation Process Simple (4)

Answer 36

CSF circulates in subarachnoid space

Question 37

CSF Circulation Process Simple (5)

Answer 37

Excess CSF removed from subarachnoid space by arachnoid villi

Question 38

Arachnoid Villi Definition

Answer 38

Extensions of arachnoid mater that project into dural venous sinus

Question 39

CSF Circulation Process Complex (1)

Answer 39

CSF is produced in the ventricles by the choroid plexus

Question 40

CSF Circulation Process Complex (2)

Answer 40

CSF flows from the lateral ventricles and third ventricle through the cerebral aqueduct into the fourth ventricle.

Question 41

CSF Circulation Process Complex (3)

Answer 41

Most of the CSF in the fourth ventricle flows into the subarachnoid space by passing through openings in the roof of the fourth ventricle. These ventricular openings are the paired lateral apertures and the single median aperture. CSF also fills the central canal of the spinal cord.

Question 42

CSF Circulation Process Complex (4)

Answer 42

As it travels through the subarachnoid space, CSF removes waste products and provides buoyancy for the brain and spinal cord.

Question 43

CSF Circulation Process Complex (5)

Answer 43

As CSF accumulates within the subarachnoid space, it exerts pressure within the arachnoid villi. This pressure exceeds the pressure of blood in the venous sinuses. Thus, the arachnoid villi extending into the dural venous sinuses provide a conduit for a one-way flow of excess CSF to be returned into the blood within the dural venous sinuses.

Question 44

What happens is CSF production begins to exceed its removal or drainage at the arachnoid villi?

Answer 44

Hydrocephalus ‘Water on the Brain”

Fluid builds up in ventricles and brain becomes distorted because it is being compressed.