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Microbio II Exam 2 > Nervous Fungal > Flashcards

Nervous Fungal Flashcards

1
Q

ergotism caused by

A

Claviceps purpurae

mold

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2
Q

ergotism grows on>

A

rye– which is ingested

big brown structure on eye

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3
Q

S/s Ergotism

A 
swollen muscles 
pain prickly sensation on limbs 
itching, numbness abdominal pain 
convulsions
death
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4
Q

Cardiac beriberi caused by

A

penicillium ingested on contaminated rice

mold

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5
Q

s.s cardiac beriberi

produces

A

produces citrinin
- causes vomiting convulsions
ascension paralysis and respiratory arrest

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6
Q

the process of mycophagy is?

causes?

A

mycophagy is eating fleshy fungi (mushrooms)

causes mycetismus

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7
Q

mycetismus cerebralis caused

A

panels
psilocybe
stropharia
(ingestion of these shrooms)

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8
Q

s/s mycetismus cerebrallis

when do symptoms begin

A

symptoms begin 30-60 min after ingestion

sensory perception visual acuity kaleidoscopic changes and hallucinations

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9
Q

mycetismus nervosa cause?

A

amanita
inocybe
(ingestion of mushrooms)

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10
Q

s/s mycetismus nervosa

symtoms begin?

A

1-2 hours after ingestion

vomiting, diarrhea convulsions salivation

delirium hallucination coma cardiac and respiratory failure
death

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11
Q

cryptococcosis

(2) - cause
- who does it target
- what is it

A

cryptococcus neoformans- – Immunocompromised

cryptococcus gatti- true pathogen (eucalyptus trees)

(opportunistic YEAST)

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12
Q

epi cryptococcosis
location
trasmission*

A

Location- world wide
transmitted via pigeon dung
(you inhale the blastospores from bird poopy or soil)

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13
Q

path of cryptococcosis

A

the capsular polysaccharides inhibit development of cell mediated immunity, they activate complement so its deplete

slow resolution, granuloma formation with large number of encapsulated yeast cells

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14
Q

Dx cryptococcosis

A

nigrosin staining of CSF / exudate

shows yeast cells with THICK polysaccharides capsules (halos)

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15
Q

s/s cryptococcosis***

CNS
pulmonary
cutaneous
disseminated

A

CNS: meningoencephalitis* : gradual onset- headache fever nausea vomiting lethargy nuchal rigidity and photophobia

pulmonary: asymptomatic mainly but cough fever headache pleuritic pain
cutaneous: ulcers
disseminated: lesions in heart and bones (bones break as you walk)

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16
Q

Tx Cryotococcosis

A

fluconazole

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17
Q

primary meningoencephalitis cause

A

naegleria fowler (protozoa)

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18
Q

epi of 1 meningoencephalitis

  • location
  • transmission
A

location: worldwide (living in fresh water soil minimally chlorinated pools)

transmission: swimming in these pools tubs and spas
- via inhalation of warm (37) water in the NOSE

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19
Q

primary meningoencephalitis
what stage infects humans

what type of hosts are we?

A
  • cysts or the biflagellate trophozoites

- we are accidental hosts

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20
Q

life cycle

primary meningoencephalitis

A

free living amoeba form cysts — biflagellate trophozoites — turn into amoebas

cysts and biflag trophozoites turn into amoebas– which PENETRATE THE MENINGES (brain)

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21
Q

Immunity Cryptocossis

A

Partial**

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22
Q

immunity primary meningoencephalitis

A

None

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23
Q

path primary meningoencephalitis

A

the amoebas inhabit the meninges

cause necrosis and hemorrhage – loses function

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24
Q

s/s primary meningoencephalitis **

A

FRONTAL headache* (after swimming)
fever nausea vomiting pharyngitis headache

convulsions – coma and death after onset of initial symptoms

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25
Dx primary meningoencephalitis
Large motile amoebas with Large karyosomes | (in CSF or brain) after hx of swimming in warm water
26
Tx primary meningoencephalitis
Amphotericin B rifampin (these bitches keep changing the abs )
27
Toxoplasmosis epi - location - transmission
``` loc: world wide transmission- ingestion of infective oocysts - (milk water beef) - cat poop - blood transfusion - implantation by cockroaches ``` (protozoa)
28
Toxoplasmosis - definitive host - intermediate - Dead end
- definitive host: CATS - intermediate: chickens cows pigs - dead end: humans
29
toxoplasmosis | life cycle
1. oocytes (from cat poop ingested/ inhaled) bradyzoites (beef ingested) 2. transform to schizonts that contain tachyzoites 3. tachyzoites infect cells of reticuloendothelial system
30
toxoplasmosis | what infects humans
bradyzoites and oocytes enter tachyzoites invade
31
toxoplasmosis | path
tachyzoites invade cells and form pseudocysts that contain bradyzoites that rupture and invade macros cousins cell lysis and tissue necrosis ???
32
toxoplasmosis | immunity
partial
33
toxoplasmosis ss congenital ss
headache sore throat lymphadenatis myalgia myocarditis meningoencephalitis congenital: retinochoroididis, hydrocephalus, ocular involvement, cerebral calcification, still birth (the earlier its infected the worse outcome cause it invades the brain)
34
dx toxoplasmosis
pyriform shaped tachyzoites | cysts with bradyzoites
35
Tx toxoplasmosis
pyrimethamine sulfadiazine
36
African trypanosomiasis cause AKA
trypanozoma b. gambiense (humans) trypanosome b. rhodiense (humans and animals- causes a more sever disease bc we can't tx all wild animals ) aka sleeping sickness (protozoa)
37
African trypanosomiasis epi Location vector transmission
b. gambiense- Southwest africa B. rhodiense- South east africa (tropical ) vector: Tsetse fly transmission: congenital, blood transfusion and organ transplantation
38
African trypanosomiasis | Life cycle
Tsetse fly take blood meal with trypomastigotes metacyclic trypomastigotes develop into trypomastigotes and migrate to salivary glands they go into blood stream and then CNS
39
African trypanosomiasis | immunity
NO
40
African trypanosomiasis | ss
``` Winterbottoms sign (swollen lymph nodes) chancres paralysis spasms convulsions and coma meningoencephalitis ( 1y if Rhod, many y if gambiense) ```
41
Dx African trypanosomiasis
presence of trypomastigotes in | blood lymph css
42
tx African trypanosomiasis
Suramin: rhodiense Malarsoprol: gambiense
43
Neural larva migrans | cause
baylisascaris procyonis (raccoon roundworm) (nematode)
44
Neural larva migrans epi location trasmission
world wide | ingestion of infective eggs
45
Neural larva migrans definitive host intermediate host dead end host
definitive host: raccoon intermediate host: mammals dead end host : humans
46
Neural larva migrans | life cycle
Mature worms live in intestines of raccoons poop and other animals ingest eggs-> larva raccoons ingest those animals and the larva larva go to lungs and become mature worms we get sick when we ingest the eggs
47
Neural larva migrans | path
egg ingestion-> follows larva migration to lungs liver mesentery brain and eyes don't develop into adult worms in us
48
Neural larva migrans | immunity
NO
49
Neural larva migrans | ss
fever anorexia convulsions meningitis coma photophobia vision loss retinoblastoma depends on the # of eggs ingested and the site of localization
50
Neural larva migrans | dx
hx of dirt contaminated with feces | larvae found in biopsies
51
Neural larva migrans | tx
thiabendazole and steroids
52
Angiostrongylosis | caused?
Angiostrongulosis cantonensis Angiostrongulosis costaricensis (nematode)
53
``` Angiostrongylosis epi location reservoir intermediate host second intermediate host ```
worldwide (hawaii jamaica coast like cali) reservoir/ definitive host: rat intermediate host: snail second: mollusks crabs
54
Angiostrongylosis | transmission
we get infected by eating the crustaceans and mollusks
55
Angiostrongylosis | life cycle
``` worms live in rats lungs and lay eggs rats swallow eggs and are pooped mollusks (SNAILS) eat the larva crabs eat the mollusks we eat the crabs ```
56
Angiostrongylosis | path
ingestion of larva-> they migrate to meninges and induce an eosinophilic response causes vascular thromboses infarcts and aneurysms
57
Angiostrongylosis | immunity
no
58
Angiostrongylosis | ss
``` headaches meningitis papilloedema Seizures death e ```
59
Angiostrongylosis | dx
clinical hx of exposure eosinophilia in CSF (you need to have multiple larva to be diagnosed)
60
Angiostrongylosis | tx
mebendazole + steroids

Microbio II Exam 2 (7 decks)

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