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Microbio II Exam 2 > Nervous Fungal > Flashcards

Nervous Fungal Flashcards

1
Q

ergotism caused by

A

Claviceps purpurae

mold

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2
Q

ergotism grows on>

A

rye– which is ingested

big brown structure on eye

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3
Q

S/s Ergotism

A 
swollen muscles 
pain prickly sensation on limbs 
itching, numbness abdominal pain 
convulsions
death
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4
Q

Cardiac beriberi caused by

A

penicillium ingested on contaminated rice

mold

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5
Q

s.s cardiac beriberi

produces

A

produces citrinin
- causes vomiting convulsions
ascension paralysis and respiratory arrest

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6
Q

the process of mycophagy is?

causes?

A

mycophagy is eating fleshy fungi (mushrooms)

causes mycetismus

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7
Q

mycetismus cerebralis caused

A

panels
psilocybe
stropharia
(ingestion of these shrooms)

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8
Q

s/s mycetismus cerebrallis

when do symptoms begin

A

symptoms begin 30-60 min after ingestion

sensory perception visual acuity kaleidoscopic changes and hallucinations

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9
Q

mycetismus nervosa cause?

A

amanita
inocybe
(ingestion of mushrooms)

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10
Q

s/s mycetismus nervosa

symtoms begin?

A

1-2 hours after ingestion

vomiting, diarrhea convulsions salivation

delirium hallucination coma cardiac and respiratory failure
death

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11
Q

cryptococcosis

(2) - cause
- who does it target
- what is it

A

cryptococcus neoformans- – Immunocompromised

cryptococcus gatti- true pathogen (eucalyptus trees)

(opportunistic YEAST)

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12
Q

epi cryptococcosis
location
trasmission*

A

Location- world wide
transmitted via pigeon dung
(you inhale the blastospores from bird poopy or soil)

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13
Q

path of cryptococcosis

A

the capsular polysaccharides inhibit development of cell mediated immunity, they activate complement so its deplete

slow resolution, granuloma formation with large number of encapsulated yeast cells

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14
Q

Dx cryptococcosis

A

nigrosin staining of CSF / exudate

shows yeast cells with THICK polysaccharides capsules (halos)

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15
Q

s/s cryptococcosis***

CNS
pulmonary
cutaneous
disseminated

A

CNS: meningoencephalitis* : gradual onset- headache fever nausea vomiting lethargy nuchal rigidity and photophobia

pulmonary: asymptomatic mainly but cough fever headache pleuritic pain
cutaneous: ulcers
disseminated: lesions in heart and bones (bones break as you walk)

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16
Q

Tx Cryotococcosis

A

fluconazole

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17
Q

primary meningoencephalitis cause

A

naegleria fowler (protozoa)

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18
Q

epi of 1 meningoencephalitis

  • location
  • transmission
A

location: worldwide (living in fresh water soil minimally chlorinated pools)

transmission: swimming in these pools tubs and spas
- via inhalation of warm (37) water in the NOSE

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19
Q

primary meningoencephalitis
what stage infects humans

what type of hosts are we?

A
  • cysts or the biflagellate trophozoites

- we are accidental hosts

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20
Q

life cycle

primary meningoencephalitis

A

free living amoeba form cysts — biflagellate trophozoites — turn into amoebas

cysts and biflag trophozoites turn into amoebas– which PENETRATE THE MENINGES (brain)

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21
Q

Immunity Cryptocossis

A

Partial**

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22
Q

immunity primary meningoencephalitis

A

None

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23
Q

path primary meningoencephalitis

A

the amoebas inhabit the meninges

cause necrosis and hemorrhage – loses function

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24
Q

s/s primary meningoencephalitis **

A

FRONTAL headache* (after swimming)
fever nausea vomiting pharyngitis headache

convulsions – coma and death after onset of initial symptoms

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25
Q

Dx primary meningoencephalitis

A

Large motile amoebas with Large karyosomes

(in CSF or brain) after hx of swimming in warm water

26
Q

Tx primary meningoencephalitis

A

Amphotericin B
rifampin

(these bitches keep changing the abs )

27
Q

Toxoplasmosis epi

  • location
  • transmission
A 
loc: world wide 
transmission- ingestion of infective oocysts - (milk water beef)
- cat poop
- blood transfusion 
- implantation by cockroaches

(protozoa)

28
Q

Toxoplasmosis

  • definitive host
  • intermediate
  • Dead end
A
  • definitive host: CATS
  • intermediate: chickens cows pigs
  • dead end: humans
29
Q

toxoplasmosis

life cycle

A
  1. oocytes (from cat poop ingested/ inhaled) bradyzoites (beef ingested)
  2. transform to schizonts that contain tachyzoites
  3. tachyzoites infect cells of reticuloendothelial system
30
Q

toxoplasmosis

what infects humans

A

bradyzoites and oocytes enter

tachyzoites invade

31
Q

toxoplasmosis

path

A

tachyzoites invade cells and form pseudocysts that contain bradyzoites that rupture and invade macros

cousins cell lysis and tissue necrosis ???

32
Q

toxoplasmosis

immunity

A

partial

33
Q

toxoplasmosis
ss

congenital ss

A

headache sore throat lymphadenatis
myalgia myocarditis meningoencephalitis

congenital: retinochoroididis, hydrocephalus, ocular involvement, cerebral calcification, still birth
(the earlier its infected the worse outcome cause it invades the brain)

34
Q

dx toxoplasmosis

A

pyriform shaped tachyzoites

cysts with bradyzoites

35
Q

Tx toxoplasmosis

A

pyrimethamine sulfadiazine

36
Q

African trypanosomiasis
cause
AKA

A

trypanozoma b. gambiense (humans)
trypanosome b. rhodiense (humans and animals- causes a more sever disease bc we can’t tx all wild animals )

aka sleeping sickness
(protozoa)

37
Q

African trypanosomiasis epi
Location
vector
transmission

A

b. gambiense- Southwest africa
B. rhodiense- South east africa (tropical )

vector: Tsetse fly
transmission: congenital, blood transfusion and organ transplantation

38
Q

African trypanosomiasis

Life cycle

A

Tsetse fly take blood meal with trypomastigotes
metacyclic trypomastigotes develop into trypomastigotes and migrate to salivary glands

they go into blood stream and then CNS

39
Q

African trypanosomiasis

immunity

A

NO

40
Q

African trypanosomiasis

ss

A 
Winterbottoms sign (swollen lymph nodes) 
chancres paralysis spasms convulsions and coma 
meningoencephalitis ( 1y if Rhod, many y if gambiense)
41
Q

Dx African trypanosomiasis

A

presence of trypomastigotes in

blood lymph css

42
Q

tx African trypanosomiasis

A

Suramin: rhodiense
Malarsoprol: gambiense

43
Q

Neural larva migrans

cause

A

baylisascaris procyonis

(raccoon roundworm)

(nematode)

44
Q

Neural larva migrans epi
location
trasmission

A

world wide

ingestion of infective eggs

45
Q

Neural larva migrans
definitive host
intermediate host
dead end host

A

definitive host: raccoon
intermediate host: mammals
dead end host : humans

46
Q

Neural larva migrans

life cycle

A

Mature worms live in intestines of raccoons
poop and other animals ingest eggs-> larva
raccoons ingest those animals and the larva larva go to lungs and become mature worms

we get sick when we ingest the eggs

47
Q

Neural larva migrans

path

A

egg ingestion-> follows larva migration to lungs liver mesentery brain and eyes

don’t develop into adult worms in us

48
Q

Neural larva migrans

immunity

A

NO

49
Q

Neural larva migrans

ss

A

fever anorexia convulsions
meningitis coma photophobia
vision loss retinoblastoma

depends on the # of eggs ingested and the site of localization

50
Q

Neural larva migrans

dx

A

hx of dirt contaminated with feces

larvae found in biopsies

51
Q

Neural larva migrans

tx

A

thiabendazole and steroids

52
Q

Angiostrongylosis

caused?

A

Angiostrongulosis cantonensis
Angiostrongulosis costaricensis

(nematode)

53
Q 
Angiostrongylosis
epi 
location 
reservoir 
intermediate host 
second intermediate host
A

worldwide (hawaii jamaica coast like cali)

reservoir/ definitive host: rat
intermediate host: snail
second: mollusks crabs

54
Q

Angiostrongylosis

transmission

A

we get infected by eating the crustaceans and mollusks

55
Q

Angiostrongylosis

life cycle

A 
worms live in rats lungs and lay eggs
rats swallow eggs and are pooped
mollusks (SNAILS) eat the larva 
crabs eat the mollusks
we eat the crabs
56
Q

Angiostrongylosis

path

A

ingestion of larva-> they migrate to meninges and induce an eosinophilic response
causes vascular thromboses infarcts and aneurysms

57
Q

Angiostrongylosis

immunity

A

no

58
Q

Angiostrongylosis

ss

A 
headaches 
meningitis
papilloedema 
Seizures
death e
59
Q

Angiostrongylosis

dx

A

clinical hx of exposure
eosinophilia in CSF
(you need to have multiple larva to be diagnosed)

60
Q

Angiostrongylosis

tx

A

mebendazole + steroids

Microbio II Exam 2 (7 decks)

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