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Microbio II Exam 2 > Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

Mycetismus sanguinari cause

A

helvella
(it resembles an edible morchella)

(mushroom)

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2
Q

mycetismus sanguinarius ss

A

hemoglobinuria
hemolysis
jaundice 6-8 h after ingestion-> death

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3
Q

subQ zygomycosis caused by?

A

besidiobolus ranarum: basidiobolomycosis
delacroixia coronets: conidiobolomycosis

(mold)

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4
Q

subQ zygomycosis (basidiomycosis and conidiomycosis)
location
reservoir
path

A

basidiobolus ranarum : Africa and Asia soil
reservoid- reptile dung and decay veggies
pathogen- reptilians and amphibians

delacroixia coronatus: Central America Africa India
reservoir- soil
pathogen- insects

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5
Q

basidiomycosis and conidiomycosis transmisison

A

traumatic implantation

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6
Q

basidiomycosis and conidiomycosis
immunity
path

A

no immunity

invited and cause granulomas

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7
Q

basidiomycosis

ss

A

freely movable sub q nodules that are hyper pigmented

associated with lymphatics- causing elephantiasis -

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8
Q

conidiomycosis

ss

A

nasal swellings that turn into nasal polyps

causing edema of cheeks forehead lips and eyes

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9
Q

basidiomycosis and conidiomycosis

dx

A

basidiomycosis- septate with swollen ends and large papilla

conidiomycosis- hyphae w terminal conidia

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10
Q

basidiomycosis and conidiomycosis

tx

A

ketoconazole

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11
Q

Sporotrichosis

cause

A

sporthrix schenkii

dimorphic mold

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12
Q

Sporotrichosis

epi

A

worldwide - in decay veg and soil

transmission- traumatic implantation

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13
Q

Sporotrichosis

path

A

invade lymphatics- causing circumscribed microabcesses

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14
Q

Sporotrichosis

ss

A

painless nodular necrotic lesions
Follow lymphatic tract from primary lesion
fixed- single ulcer
mucocutaneous- ulcer
pulmonary- lung lesions/ bronchial obstruction

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15
Q

Sporotrichosis

dx

A

clamydospores in asteroid bodies**

and sugar shaped budding yeast

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16
Q

Sporotrichosis

tx

A

itraconazole

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17
Q

rhodotulosis caused by?

A

candida
rhodotorula
sarachomyces
schizosaraco

(monomorphic oppotunistic yeasts)

(mainly seen as a hospital infection-

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18
Q

rhodotulosis
epi
transmission

A

worldwide
common contaminants of skin lungs etc
transmitted person to person with contaminated needles, cath or equipment

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19
Q

rhodotulosis

path

A

enter blood and cause fungemia
release compounds that cause pyrogens- due to fermentation byproducts

(after surgery more common infections of these)

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20
Q

rhodotulosis

ss

A

fever hypotension tacky
endocarditis chills
shock if fungemia

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21
Q

rhodotulosis

dx

A

individual spherical budding non encapsulated yeast cells

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22
Q

rhodotulosis

tx

A

removal of source of contamination

23
Q

babesiosis

caused by

A

babesia divergens
babesia microti

(protozoan)

24
Q

babesiosis
location

transmission

A

worldwide
northeastern US

transmitted by ticks and blood transfusion

25
Q

babesiosis

life cycle

A

ticks feed on humans-> get merozoites
develop into sporozoites

sporozoites injected into new human host during next blood meal

26
Q

babesiosis

what infects us

A

sporozoites -> turn into merozoites which invade other erythrocytes multiply and release more merozoites

27
Q

babesiosis

path

A

merozoites live intracellularly in erythrocytes, they multiply and cause cells to burst
causing hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia hemoglobinuria and RF

28
Q

babesiosis

which one is fatal/ which is self limiting

A

b. divergens- fatal in splenectomized patients

b. microti- self limiting

29
Q

babesiosis

immunity

A

partial

30
Q

babesiosis

ss

A

jaundice

fever chills headache malaise anorexia myalgia

31
Q

babesiosis

dx

A

pear shaped merozoites in infected RBCs

mallets cross sign inside RBC

32
Q

babesiosis

tx

A

clyndamycin and quinine

33
Q

Malaria
cause

transmission by

A 
plasmodium flacifarum (kills most people)
plasmodium vivax (most common in US)

(protozoan)

female anophelees mosquito

34
Q

Malaria

stats

A 
#1 killing parasite 
infection 200-300 million and kills 1 million

couple cases in US but not and endemic

35
Q

Malaria

life cycle

A

mosquitos inject sporozoites
go to liver-> form merozoites

merozoites invade erythrocytes and multiply

gametoxutes develop as well which are picked up by mosquitoo and reproduction occurs in mosquito

36
Q

Malaria

path

A

rupture of schizonts releasing merozoites from RBC result in liver and anemia
removal of waste results in enlargement of liver and spleen

37
Q

malaria

immunity

A

partial protective immunity to species

resistance to vivax- via absence of duffy a and b
sickle cell blocks binding of plasmodium falciparum

38
Q

Malaria

ss

A 
chills fever headache backache 
renal failure 
splenomegaly 
keratitis 
photophobia
39
Q

Malaria

dx

A

merozoites
schizonts
gametocytes
seen in blood smears

40
Q

Malaria

tx

A

cloroquine- vivax

primaquine- falciparum
doxy- prophylaxis

41
Q

American trypanosomiasis
epi
transmission

A 
trypanozoma cruzi (protozoan)
American (armadillos )

transmission via feces of reduviid bug NOT the bite of the bug (also mom to fetus and blood transfusions)

42
Q

American trypanosomiasis

life cycle

A

metacyclic trip enter and amastigotes develop intracellularly
trupomastogote forms in blood / CNS

43
Q

American trypanosomiasis

path

A

destruction via the growth of amastigones in tissues (like heart and muscle)
causing destruction of structure and modifying heart contractions

44
Q

American trypanosomiasis

ss

A

Romanos sign (swollen eye)
fever edema
meningoencephalitis
cardiac problems - (heart ENLARGES to compensate, also megacolon)

45
Q

American trypanosomiasis

dx

A

triatomic bugs feed on patient and identify metacyclci trypomastigones in fecal smears from bug

46
Q

American trypanosomiasis

tx

A

nifurtimox

47
Q

Filariasis

cause

A

brugia malayi
wuchereria bancrofti

(nematode)

48
Q

Filariasis

epi

A

found in tropical areas of the world
malayi- humans and non humans
bancrofti- humans only

49
Q

Filariasis

life cycle

A

from mosquitoes into humans in a bite
microfilaria leave mosquitos and turn into adult worms in the lymph of humans

mosquitos infected 12-14 days after a blood meal

50
Q

Filariasis

path

A

slowing of lymph causes inflammation of lymphatic vessels

51
Q

Filariasis

ss

A

chills fever wheezing coughing
chronic lymphedema enlarged lymph nodes and lymphangitis

Years of exposure- elephantiasis of limbs and genitals

52
Q

Filariasis

dx

A

microfilaria- in sac like death in lymph node biopsies

53
Q

Filariasis

tx

A

diethylcarbamazine

Microbio II Exam 2 (7 decks)

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