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Microbio II Exam 2 > GI system Trematode and Cestodes > Flashcards

GI system Trematode and Cestodes Flashcards

1
Q

clonorchiasis

cause

A

clonorchis and opsthocris

human liver trematodes

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2
Q

clonorchiasis

epi (of each)

A

clonorchis-> Asia

opsthorchis-> Europe and Asia in humans and fish eating mammals

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3
Q

clonorchiasis

life cycle

A

they live in the bile duct and liver of mammals and release eggs
eggs ingested by snails and develop into cercaria-> penetrate fish

develop into metacercaria and we eat the fish

goes to intestine and bile

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4
Q

clonorchiasis

path

A

worms tunnel LIVER-> causing hyperplasia of epithelium
can also cause toxic irritation of liver and bile duct->- and thickening of bile duct walls -> causing fibrous thickening* obstruction or biliary cirrhosis

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5
Q

clonorchiasis

ss

A

fever anemia jaundice* edema ascites* abdominal pain indigestion malnutrition nausea and diarrhea

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6
Q

clonorchiasis

dx

A

mall thick shelled eggs with shoulders founded in stained fecal concentrations

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7
Q

clonorchiasis

tx

A

praziquantel

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8
Q

schistosomiasis

cause

A

schistosome species

trematodes that live in human blood vessels

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9
Q

schistosomiasis

epi

A

Africa Asia philipines and caribbean islands

human and mammal

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10
Q

schistosomiasis

life cycle

A

blood vessels
eggs released into blood stream and migrate to intestinal tract / urinary bladder

miracidia hatch in waterways and penetrate snails

in snails they develop into cercaria-> and are released into water back to humans (CERCARIA ARE THE INFECTIOUS FORM)

In humans after skin penetration they develop into schistosomula that enter the blood stream

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11
Q

schistosomiasis
path
avoidance of immunity

A

toxic irritation of the itssues
little tissue damage via adults bc they incorporate host antigens onto their surface-> so they aren’t recognized as foreign

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12
Q

schistosomiasis
ss

can cause?

A

enlarged fibroticc liver and spleen
dysuria urinary frequency abdominal pain hematuria ascites edema conjunctival granulomas

symptoms related to amount and location of eggs

can produce squamous cell epithelioma

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13
Q

schistosomiasis

dx

A

over percolated eggs with single spines that differ in their locations for each species

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14
Q

schistosomiasis

tx

A

praziquantel

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15
Q

fascioliasis

cause

A

fasciola hepatica - sheep liver fluke

fasciola giganti - giant liver trematode

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16
Q

fascioliasis

epi

A

hepatica- worldwide

giganti- herbiboes in africa asia and hawaii

both have humans and herbivores as reservoir and definitive hosts

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17
Q

fascioliasis

life cycle

A

they live in livers and eggs are released via poop

miracidia hatch in waterways and penetrate snails

in snails they develop into cercaria-> and are released into water
and turn into metacercaria

METACERCARIA ARE THE INFECTIOUS FORM)

we eat the raw plants and metacercaria penetrate our intestines

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18
Q

fascioliasis

path

A

adult worms destroy liver and infect other organs

cause mechanical and toxic irritation* in liver and cause obstruction and fibrosis*

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19
Q

fascioliasis

ss

A

fever chills night sweats headache anorexia malaise

wt loss urticaria eosinophilia

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20
Q

fascioliasis

dx

A

large thin shelled operculated eggs from fecal concentrations

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21
Q

fascioliasis

tx

A

triclabendazole

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22
Q

diphyllobothriasis

cause

A

diphyllobothrium latum

cestode
fish tapeworm

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23
Q

diphyllobothriasis

epi

A

worldwide

fish eating mammals

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24
Q

diphyllobothriasis

life cycle

A

worms live in small intestine of humans lay eggs via pupa

coricidum larva hatch and are ingested by crustaceans -> into procercoid larva

infected crustaceans ingested by freshwater fish and plerocercoid larva develop into muscles of fish
we at the raw fish and they attach to the mucosa

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25
Q

diphyllobothriasis

path

A

infection produces mechanical irritation to mucosa of smalll intestine
toxic substances excreted affect the CNS*

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26
Q

diphyllobothriasis

ss

A

enteritis
vomiting diarrhea abdominal pain wt loss allergic responses

adult worms deplete fit B 12*-> causing pernicious anemia

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27
Q

diphyllobothriasis

dx

A

thin shelled percolated eggs in fecal concentrations

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28
Q

diphyllobothriasis

tx

A

niclosamide

therapeutic doses of Vitamins B12

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29
Q

dipylidiasis

cause

A

dipylidum caninum

(cestode)-> dog tapeworm

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30
Q

dipylidiasis
location
transmission

A

worldwide
humans and mammals

via fleas and lice (intermediate host)

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31
Q

dipylidiasis

who gets the disease

A

human infections are in children who accidentally eat fleas or lice

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32
Q

dipylidiasis

what life cycle infects us

A

cysticercoid larva infects us thats inside the ingested flea or lice

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33
Q

dipylidiasis

life cycle

A

adult worms life in intestines of humans and dogs
eggs embryonate into oncospheres and are in fecal contaminated soil*

ingested by fleas or lice larva
develop into cysticercoid larva

humans or dogs ingest the fleas and the cysticercoid larva

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34
Q

dipylidiasis

path

A

adult worms attach to intestine

the metabolic products cause an inflammatory response, hypersensitivity and hemorrhagic enteritis

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35
Q

dipylidiasis

immunity

A

no

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36
Q

dipylidiasis

ss

A

womiting diarrhea

nervous symptoms skin rash and allergic response

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37
Q

dipylidiasis

dx

A

egg packets containing multiple eggs with onchospheres

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38
Q

dipylidiasis

tx

A

praziquantel

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39
Q

Echinococcosis

cause

A

echinocactus granulosis, multiocularis, vogali

GI cestode

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40
Q

Echinococcosis

epi

A

worldwide

mammals

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41
Q

Echinococcosis

stage that infects us

A

we eat the onchospheres

develop into hydatid cysts

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42
Q

Echinococcosis

life cyle

A

adult worms live in small intestines of carnivores
onchospheres passed in feces
humans/ herbs or omivores ingest feces and onchospheres hats and penetrate small intestine to tissues

carnivores eat the animals-> cysts develop into adult worms

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43
Q

Echinococcosis

path

A

cysts develop and displace tissue (these are the HUGE ones) result in loss of function and DEVELOPMENT OF HYPERSENSITIVITY

multiocularis-> alveolar hydatid cysts

volgeli-> polycystic hydatid cysts

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44
Q

Echinococcosis

immunity

A

no

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45
Q

Echinococcosis

ss

A

due to HYPERSENSITIVITY response to cysts

sweating anorexia fatigue and wt loss
rupture of these cysts cause anaphylactic shock and then you die

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46
Q

Echinococcosis

dx

A

hydatid cysts on CT Xray or tissue preps

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47
Q

Echinococcosis

tx

A

albendazole and surgery

you’ll probably die

48
Q

clonorchiasis
what stage infects us

who gets it?

A

we eat infected fish with cercaria and metacercaria form

mainly people over 40 bc it takes a long time to develop

49
Q

schistosomiasis

what stage infects us

A

cercaria )which are in water penetrate our skin and develop into schistosomula

50
Q

fascioliasis

what stage infects us

A

metacercaria thats on aquatic vegetation

51
Q

Hymenolepiasis

cause

A

Hymenolepis diminuta
hymenolepos nana

(cestode) small tapeworms

52
Q

Hymenolepiasis
epi

Nana v diminiuta

A

worldwide
humans mammals

ingestion of eggs with nana
ingestion of larva for diminutha

53
Q

Hymenolepiasis
life cycle

(both)

A

live in small intestine of humans and rodents
- eggs pass out in fece

nana-> ingestion of onchospheres becoming larvae -> tapeworms

diminuta-> insects ingest onchospheres-> become larva in insects-> we eat the insects

54
Q

Hymenolepiasis

path

A

damage mucosa of intestine, there is allergic response but not very often

55
Q

Hymenolepiasis

immunity

A

partial

lil kids get it

56
Q

Hymenolepiasis

ss

A

nod

convulsions eosinophilia toxemia

57
Q

Hymenolepiasis

dx

A

oval eggs containing onchospheres

58
Q

Hymenolepiasis

tx

A

praziquantel

59
Q

Taneiasis

cause

A 
Taniea solium (pork tapeworm)
taniearhychus sanguinatus (beef tapeworm)

cestode

60
Q

Taneiasis
location
transmission

A

worldwide
by eating pork or beef that isn’t completely cooked

we are definitive hosts

61
Q

Taneiasis

life cycle

A

live in small intestine of humans
hatch and develop into cysticercus cellulose
which are ingested

62
Q

Taneiasis
based on what you eat
ss

A

cysticercus larvae-> tapeworms in GI
obstruction inflammation and irritation

eggs-> develop into larva-> (brain) ring lesions and calcification of the tissues
nervous manigestation seizures epileptic attachs

63
Q

Taneiasis

immunity

A

partial

64
Q

Taneiasis

dx

A

eggs with hexacabth embryos and striated shells

65
Q

Taneiasis

tx

A

cysticercus cellulosa-> praziquantel

niclosamide

66
Q

Anisakiasis

cause

A

anisakis simplex

Gi nematode

67
Q

Anisakiasis

epi

A

world wide -> where sushi is consumed

large marine mammals are the host

68
Q

Anisakiasis

what infects us

A

ingesting the nematode larva

69
Q

Anisakiasis

life cycle

A 
adults worms live in GI 
released via poop
crustaceans eat 
squid eat 
marine mammals (definitive host)

we eat the mammals (dead end)

70
Q

Anisakiasis

path

A

develop into cysts with CT
cause obstruction and inflammation at tissue site , eosinophilic granulomas
have a boring tooth

71
Q

Anisakiasis

ss

A

n/v coughing fever peritonitis

72
Q

Anisakiasis

dx

A

larva encysted in muscle tissue (not poop)

73
Q

Anisakiasis

tx

A

mebendazoleor surgical removal

74
Q

Ancylostomiasis
cause

definitive host?

A

ancylohstoma duodenale
nectar americanus
(human hookworm)
humans*

75
Q

Ancylostomiasis

life cycle

A

in feces of humans-> poop eggs out
Rhabditiform larva develop in grass-> filariform larva and infect our skin
go to lungs coughed up etc

76
Q

Ancylostomiasis

path

A

cause skin lesions and allergic reaction*
inflammation of alveoli->
can cause entrapment in lungs
suck blood-> causing iron deficiency anemia*

77
Q

Ancylostomiasis

immunity

A

partial

78
Q

Ancylostomiasis

ss

A

Iron deficiency anemia anorexia

wheezing pneumonitis etx

79
Q

Ancylostomiasis

dx

A

thin shelled eggs with embryos in 4-8 cell stages

80
Q

Ancylostomiasis

tx

A

mebendazole

81
Q

Ascariasis

cause

A

ascaris lumbricoides

nematode

82
Q

Ascariasis
location
whos at risk>

A

worldwide

[people who use poop as fertilizer are at risk

83
Q

Ascariasis

what stage gets us sick

A

ingestion the infectious eggs

- which remain in soil for years*

84
Q

Ascariasis

life cycle

A

in poop eggs
embryonate in soil
we eat the eggs
larva-> travel to liver and lungs via bloodstream

85
Q

Ascariasis

path

A

obstruction occlusion
can lodge in bile duct or appendix

can cause neurologic type symptoms due to allergic metabolites

immune response- athena urticaria etc

86
Q

Ascariasis

ss

A

loeffler syndrome- eosinophilia in lung tissue
pneumonitis
abd cramps diarrhea granulomas

87
Q

Ascariasis

dx

A

ovoid shaped eggs with thick* outer covering

88
Q

Ascariasis
tx

immunity

A

mebendazole

partial

89
Q

Enterobiasis

cause

A

enterobius vermicularis

nematode-> human pinworm

90
Q

Enterobiasis

eoi

A

worldwide

seen in young children*

91
Q

Enterobiasis

life cycle

A

females migrate and deposit eggs on perianal area of skin
we ingest eggs from material lodged under fingernails bedding clothes etc

eggs become infective after deposited on anus

92
Q

Enterobiasis

path

A

females irritate anal area-> itchy anus
appendicitis*
vulvovaginitis

93
Q

Enterobiasis

dx

A

tape applied to anal area

- observed with thin shelled eggs with embryos inside

94
Q

Enterobiasis

tx

A

albendazole

95
Q

stronglylodiasis

cause

A

strongyloides stercolaris

96
Q

stronglylodiasis
location

hosts

A

tropics of US

humans cats and dogs

97
Q

stronglylodiasis

life cycle

A

parthenogenic adult female worms produce LARVATED eggs that have rabditiform larvae

develop into filariform larvae-> which penetrate our skin
travel to lung coughed up and swallowed

Autoinfection occurs!-> penetrates anal area

98
Q

stronglylodiasis

path

A

sloughing of intestinal mucosa-> ulcers and malabsorption*
inflammatory response in lungs
can travel to brain lungs GI

99
Q

stronglylodiasis

ss

A

serpiginous macular eruptions of skin*
itching washed and urticaria
pneumonitis sob abd nvd

100
Q

stronglylodiasis

dx

A

larvated thin shelled eggs seen

rhabditifrom larva seen in bronchial washing

101
Q

stronglylodiasis

tx

A

ivermectin

102
Q

trichuriasis

cause

A

trichuris trichina

human whipworm

103
Q

trichuriasis
epi
reservoir
common in?

A

humans only reservoir

prevalent in people who use poop as fertilizer

104
Q

trichuriasis

life cycle

A

worms live in intestine-> pass eggs via poop
carriers shed eggs for years

larvated eggs are ingested -> adult worm

105
Q

trichuriasis

path

A

depends on load and nutritional status

inflammation of cecum and appendix***

106
Q

trichuriasis

immunity

A

partial

107
Q

trichuriasis

ss

A

loss of appetite wt loss malnourishment
anemia
growth retardation mucoid diarrhea colitis rectal prolapse and proctitis

most symptomatic

108
Q

trichuriasis

dx

A

barrel shaped polar plugged egs

109
Q

trichuriasis

tx

A

melbendazole

110
Q

trichinosis

cause

A

trichina spiralis

111
Q

trichinosis
location
hist

transmission

A

worldwide
humans and mammals

consumption of infected meat

112
Q

trichinosis

life cycle

A

worms in small intestine
larva related into bloodd stream* and form cyst in striated muscles

resistant to heat or freezing

113
Q

trichinosis

path

A 
larva cause inflammation and hypersensitivity 
inflammatory response (EOSINOPHILIA)
114
Q

trichinosis

ss

A

nvd
myalgia
after 2 weeks-> myositis pain and swelling of arms and legs , CHF, paralysis anaphylaxis

115
Q

trichinosis

dx

A

encysted larva in muscle tissue*

116
Q

trichinosis

tx

A

thiabendazole in intestinal stage

mebendazole in muscular stage

117
Q

Enterobiasis *

ss

A

anal pruritus
scratching
appendicitis

Microbio II Exam 2 (7 decks)

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