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PHA BLK 2 > Nervous & Endocrine System > Flashcards

Nervous & Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

what is the function of the nervous system?

A

primary controlling and communicating system

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2
Q

what are the three main functions of the nervous system?

A

Sensory input: gathers info using sensory receptors
Integrative: analyzes/stores sensory information & makes decisions
Motor output: responds to stimuli by activating muscles/glands

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3
Q

what is a neuron?

A

basic structural and functional unit of the nervous system
conducts impulses

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4
Q

what are the parts of the neuron?

A

dendrites
cell body
axon

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5
Q

describe dendrites

A

branch like projections
receive impulses from other neurons
transmit the impulse toward the cell body

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6
Q

describe the cell body

A

houses the nucleus
cell’s life support center

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7
Q

describe the axon

A

carry the impulses away from the cell body

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8
Q

what does the myelin do?

A

speed up neural impulses

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9
Q

what is at the end of each neuron that transmits info between cells?

A

axon terminal

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10
Q

what are the three types of neurons?

A

sensory neuron
interneuron
motor neuron

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11
Q

describe the sensory neuron

A

conveys nerve impulses from sensory receptors to the CNS

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12
Q

describe interneuron

A

links the sensory neurons to the motor neurons

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13
Q

describe moto neurons

A

carries command impulses from the CNS to the muscles or glands

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14
Q

what is a synapse?

A

permits a neuron to pass an electrical signal to another cell

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15
Q

what are “chemical messengers”?

A

Neurotransmitters

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16
Q

what is Acetylcholine (ACh)?

A

a chemical neurotransmitter released by nerve cells to activate muscles
functions as a neurotransmitter in the autonomic nervous system

17
Q

what are the two main organs in the Central Nervous System?

A

brain and spinal cord

18
Q

what is the CNS responsible for?

A

memory
learning
emotion
regulation of homeostasis

19
Q

what is the brain responsible for?

A

perception
processing sensory stimuli
execution of voluntary motor responses
regulation of homeostasis

20
Q

what is the spinal cord responsible for?

A

initiates musculoskeletal reflexes
pathway for sensory and most functions between the periphery and the brain

21
Q

what does the Peripheral Nervous System do?

A

carries sensory/motor information between the CNS and all other organs/tissues of the body

22
Q

what are the two divisions of the PNS?

A

somatic nervous system
autonomic nervous system

23
Q

describe the somatic nervous system

A

regulates voluntary movements
connects the brain to the Moto neurons

24
Q

describe the autonomic nervous system

A

control of involuntary bodily functions
controls some muscles
regulates the function of our internal organs

25
Q

what two divisions divide the autonomic nervous system?

A

sympathetic: fight or flight
parasympathetic: calming the body

26
Q

what is the function of the endocrine system?

A

maintain homeostasis

27
Q

what glands make up the endocrine system?

A

hypothalamus
pituitary gland
thyroid gland
adrenal gland
pancreas
gonads

28
Q

describe the function of the hypothalamus

A

regulation of hunger, thirst, body temp, breathing, internal organ activity, sleep

29
Q

which gland produces hormones that control other glands?

A

pituitary gland

30
Q

what is the purpose of the thyroid gland?

A

produces hormones that control the rate at which cells burn fuels from food to produce energy

31
Q

what does the adrenal gland do?

A

located at the top of the kidney
stimulates the body to quickly produce energy during emergencies

32
Q

describe the purpose of the pancreas

A

produces various digestive enzymes hormones that regulate blood sugar levels

33
Q

what is the function of gonads?

A

synthesize steroid sex hormones necessary for development and function of reproductive organs

34
Q

what does the testes produce?

A

sperm and testosterone

35
Q

what do the ovaries produce?

A

the egg, estrogen and progesterone

PHA BLK 2 (10 decks)

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