Immunology

Question 1

define immune system

Answer 1

cells, tissues, and molecules that mediate resistance to infections

Question 2

define immunology

Answer 2

study of the structure and function of the immune system

Question 3

define immunity

Answer 3

long term resistance to re-infection by pathogens the body has previously encountered

Question 4

define immune response

Answer 4

how our body recognizes and defends itself against foreign pathogens

Question 5

what are the three main functions of the immune system?

Answer 5

DEFENSE against foreign pathogens
SURVEILLANCE
DISTINGUISHES between the body’s own cells/foreign cells

Question 6

what are the main organs of the immune system and their purpose

Answer 6

Bone Marrow- produces B-cells
Thyroid- produces T-cells
control WBC

Question 7

what are the accessory organs for the immune system

Answer 7

lymph nodes, spleen, lymph vessels, tonsils, adenoids

Question 8

describe the first line of defense

Answer 8

prevent pathogens from entering the body
SKIN/MUCOUS MEMBRANES

Question 9

describe the second line of defense

Answer 9

innate immune response (non-specific response)
Macrophages- “big eaters”
Inflammation
Fever

Question 10

describe the third line of defense

Answer 10

adaptive immune response (specific response)
Antigen- elicit immune response
Antibodies- destroy antigens
Immunoglobulins- fight foreign invaders

Question 11

IgM

Answer 11

first antibody made by the body to fight a NEW infection

Question 12

IgG

Answer 12

most abundant type of antibody
only class that can cross the placenta

Question 13

describe cell-mediated response

Answer 13

T-cells
Initial response

Question 14

describe antibody-mediated response

Answer 14

B-cells
Re-infection

Question 15

what are the types of immunity?

Answer 15

Active- exposure triggers immune system to produce antibodies
Passive- already made antibodies are introduced into the body

Question 16

what ways can immunity be acquired?

Answer 16

naturally
artificially

Question 17

describe how active immunity can be acquired NATURALLY

Answer 17

person is exposed to harmful microbes
contracts an infection disease

Question 18

describe how active immunity can be acquired ARTIFICIALLY

Answer 18

vaccines

Question 19

describe how passive immunity can be acquired NATURALLY

Answer 19

mother passes on her antibodies

Question 20

describe how passive immunity can be acquired ARTIFICIALLY

Answer 20

injection of immunoglobulin

Question 21

describe the advantage/disadvantage of active immunity

Answer 21

A: long lasting
D: delayed protection

Question 22

describe the advantage/disadvantage of passive immunity

Answer 22

A: immediate protection
D: temporary immunity

Question 23

define serology

Answer 23

monitors the immune systems antibody response to viral antigen exposure

Question 24

define titers

Answer 24

performed to check a patient’s immune status to vaccinations or disease they may have received in the past

Question 25

what does it mean to have a positive titer?

Answer 25

patient previously had the virus or has the vaccine

Question 26

what does it mean to have a negative titer

Answer 26

patient never had the virus, needs a vaccine, still susceptible to the virus

Question 27

what are three required vaccines for BMT

Answer 27

Hepatitis B
Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR)
Varicella

Question 28

how can you tell if a patient is infectious with HBV

Answer 28

HBsAG

Question 29

how can you tell if a patient is vaccinated against HBV

Answer 29

Anti-HBs

Question 30

what does varicella cause

Answer 30

chickenpox and shingles

Question 31

describe a newborn’s immune system

Answer 31

not fully developed
uses maternal antibodies

Question 32

what are the effects of aging on the immune system

Answer 32

slower immune response
can develop autoimmune disorder
body heals more slowly
decline in WBC