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Histology > Nervous > Flashcards

Nervous Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two components of the CNS?

A

brain

spinal cord

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2
Q

What are the components of the PNS?

A

All nervous tissue outside of the CNS

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3
Q

Which neuron is the most common?

A

Multipolar

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4
Q

What type of neuron is at the Dorsal Root Ganglion?

A

Pseudounipolar

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5
Q

Which ways do afferent and efferent neurons travel?

A

Afferent- carry impulses to the CNS

Efferent- carry impulses away from the CNS

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6
Q

Matching.

Afferent
Efferent

Motor Neurons
Sensory Neurons

A

Afferent- Sensory Neurons

Efferent- Motor Neurons

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7
Q

What is the Perikaryon?

A

Cytoplasm; surrounds the nucleus

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8
Q

What is the function of Nissl Bodies?

A

Protein Synthesis

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9
Q

What is the fx. of Cytoskeleton?

A

Neurofilaments

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10
Q

What is the fx. of Microtubules?

A

Intracellular transport

Cellular/Axonal Transport

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11
Q

What is Lipofuscin?

A

Residual bodies from Lysosomal Digestion

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12
Q

What is the Axon Hillock?

A

short segment leaving the Perikaryon

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13
Q

Where is the Initial site of microtubule bundling?

A

Axon Hillock

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14
Q

What is another name of Collateral Branches?

A

Axon Branches

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15
Q

Kinesin uses which type of Axonal Transport?

A

Anterograde

Travels from Perikaryon to Synapses

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16
Q

Dyenin uses which type of Axonal Transport?

A

Retrograde

Travels from Synapses to Perikaryon

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17
Q

Which Axonal Transport pathway is considered the Salvage Pathway?

A

Retrograde

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18
Q

Do Dendrites have Golgi App.?

A

No

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19
Q

Where is the Node of Ranvier?

A

Between myelinated cells? they are unmyelinated themselves.

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20
Q

What is the fx. of Astrocytes?

A
  • Repair nerve tissue/maintain nutrients
  • blood brain barrier
  • structural support
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21
Q

What is the fx. of Microglia?

A

Resident macrophages’ Phagocytic Fx.

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22
Q

What is the fx. of Ependymal?

A

Ciliated cells that line the CSF and make CSF

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23
Q

What is the fx. of Oligodendrocyte?

A

Makes the myelin sheath; similar to Schwann Cells

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24
Q

Give 4 facts about Electrical Synapse?

A
  • Smaller than chemical synapse
  • Conduct faster
  • Bidirectional
  • Na/K causes changes
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25
Q

Give 4 facts about Chemical Synapse?

A
  • Uses Neurotransmitters
  • Slower than electrical synapses
  • Activate muscular/glandular tissue
  • Ca causes changes
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26
Q

Which neuron has axons on both sides?

A

Pseudounipolar

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27
Q

Which neuron sends signals in one direction?

A

Multipolar

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28
Q

Which neuron is centrally located in the cell body?

A

Bipolar

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29
Q

Which neuron has many dendrites?

A

Multipolar

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30
Q

What point along the Neuron where an AP can occur?

A

Nodes of Ranvier

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31
Q

Where is the white and gray matter found in Cerebellum?

A

White- Inside

Gray- Outside

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32
Q

What is GM composed of in the Cerebellum?

A

Nerve Fibers

Cell Bodies

33
Q

List the (3) layers of GM in the Cerebellum

A
  1. Molecular Layer
  2. Purkinje Cell Layer
  3. Inner Granular Layer
34
Q

What is in the ML or GM of Cerebellum?

A

Unmyelinated Nerve Fibers

35
Q

What is in the GL or GM of Cerebellum?

A

Large flask-shaped cells; Purkinje Cells whose dendrites penetrate ML

36
Q

What is in the ML or GM of Cerebellum?

A

Packed with small multipolar neurons

37
Q

Where is GM and WM found in the Spinal Cord?

A

GM- Inside

WM- Outside

38
Q

Describe Dura Mater

A
  • Dense CT
  • Connected to Periosteum
  • Well vascularized
  • Outer layer of Menenges
39
Q

Describe Arachnoid

A
  • Spidery-like appendages connecting inner/outer layer
  • Lined with ependymal cells
  • Trabeculae filled with CSF
40
Q

Describe Pia Mater

A
  • Thin inner layer
  • Mostly collagen fibers
  • Squamos cells
  • BV
  • maintains BBB
41
Q

What is the fx of Nerve Endings?

A

Convert

- Physical or Chemical Stimuli -> Electrical Energy

42
Q

How are nerve endings classified?

A

Afferent vs. Efferent
Cause of Stim.
Morphology
(P.Corpuscles, M. Corpuscles, Free Endings, Muscle Spindles, Golgi Tendon Organ)

43
Q

Where is a Fibrous Astrocyte found?

A

White Matter

44
Q

Where is a Protoplasmic Astrocyte found?

A

Gray Matter

45
Q

Name and tell what is in the 3 layers of Meninges?

A
  1. Dura Mater -> well vascularized
  2. Arachnoid Space -> CSF
  3. Pia Mater -> collagen
46
Q

Dorsal Root Ganglion
Sensory or Motor Neuron?
Afferent or Efferent?

A
  • Sensory Neuron

- Afferent

47
Q

What is the difference between the Schwann Cell & Oligodendrocyte?

A

Both myelinate; but SC -> PNS O -> CNS

48
Q

Which Division of the Nervous System is formed from Neural Tube?

A

CNS

49
Q

Which division of the Nervous System is formed from Neural Crest Cells?

A

PNS

50
Q

Retina, cochlear, olfactory are all found in which Neuron type?
(THINK YOU HAVE TWO EARS, EYES, NOSTRILS= 2 DENDRITIC PROCESSES)

A

Bipolar

51
Q

Dorsal Root Ganglia is which type of Neuron?

A

Pseudounipolar

52
Q

Interneurons consist mostly of ______ (type of neuron).

A

Multipolar

53
Q

Where is the Axon Hillock and what is its fx?

A

Short segment from Axon

Initial site of Microtubule bundling

54
Q

Where is the initial stimulus integrated signal down axon?

A

Initial segment

55
Q

Calcium Channels carry NT down which Axonal Transport?

A

Anterograde Transport

56
Q

Which Axonal Transport mechanism transports cytoskeletal components?

A

Retrograde Transport

57
Q

What are the two layers of Cerebrum Cortex?

A

Superficial

Pyramidal

58
Q

What is the fx. of the Cerebrum Cortex?

A

higher thought process

coordination of movement

59
Q

Fx. of Amygdala

A

Memory & Emotional Behavior

60
Q

Fx. of Hippocampus

A

Transfers memories from short term -> long term

61
Q

Fx. of Basal Ganglia

A

Controls/Synchronizes movements

62
Q

Fx. of Medulla

A

Regulates HR, breathing, digestion

63
Q

Fx. of Midbrain

A

Hearing & Sight reflexes

64
Q

Fx. of Pons

A

REM Sleep

65
Q

Fx. of Cerebellum

A

Movement, reflexes;

sense of balance

66
Q

What are the three layers of the Cerebellum and what are they composed of?

A

Molecular Layer -> unmyelinated nerve fibers
Purkinje Cell Layer -> dendrites penetrate ML
Inner Granular Layer ->multipolar neurons

67
Q

What are the three layers of Meninges and what are they composed of?

A

Dura Mater -> dense CT; highly vascularized
Arachnoid -> holds trabeculae; Secrete CSF
Pia Mater -> Collagen Fibers; squamos ep.

68
Q

What type of Glial Cell is found at the Blood Brain Barrier?

A

Astrocytes

69
Q

Which glial cell secretes CSF?

A

Ependymal

70
Q

What are the (3) components of CSF?

A

Choroid Plexus
Circulation
Hydrocephalus

71
Q

Fx. of Choroid Plexus

A
  • highly vascularized
  • responsible for formation of CSF
  • lines portion of ventricles
72
Q

Fx. of Circulation

A

-Fills ventricles, central spinal chord canal sub. arachnoid space & perivascular spaces

73
Q

Fx. Hydrocephalus

A

Problem caused when CSF is blocked from exiting ventricles

74
Q

What are the 3 nerve coverings and what do they individually cover?

A

Epineurium -> covers large nerve
Perineurium -> covers nerve bundles
Endoneurium -> covers nerve fibers (vascularized)

75
Q

Dorsal Root Ganglia are primarily composed of which neuron type?

A

Pseudounipolar

76
Q

Autonomic Ganglia are which type of Neurons and travel in which direction?

A

Multi-Polar Neurons; Efferent Pathway

77
Q

What NT is released by Cholinergic Junctions and which pathway do they primarily travel? Which portion of the PNS do they fall in?

A

ACH; Efferent

Parasympathetic

78
Q

What NT is released by Adrenergic Junctions and which pathway do they primarily travel?

A

NE; Post Ganglionic Sympathetic Neurons

Histology (9 decks)

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